The increasing environmental burden posed by plastic waste and CO2 emissions has driven the exploration of advanced recycling techniques, particularly in the field of synergistic catalytic upgrading. This review discusses the progress in synergistic catalytic processes for waste plastic depolymerization, with a particular focus on mechanisms that leverage CO2 as a reactive mediator, hydrogen scavenger, or carbon source. By integrating CO2 utilization with plastic upcycling, these approaches not only mitigate greenhouse gas emissions but also more efficiently convert waste into high-value chemicals and advanced carbon materials. These innovative methods offer sustainable approaches to plastic waste management.
{"title":"Synergistic catalytic upcycling of waste plastics with CO2: Mechanisms, innovations, and future perspectives","authors":"Zheng Ma, Huan Chen, Zhe Zhang, Bo Niu, Donghui Long, Yayun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing environmental burden posed by plastic waste and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions has driven the exploration of advanced recycling techniques, particularly in the field of synergistic catalytic upgrading. This review discusses the progress in synergistic catalytic processes for waste plastic depolymerization, with a particular focus on mechanisms that leverage CO<sub>2</sub> as a reactive mediator, hydrogen scavenger, or carbon source. By integrating CO<sub>2</sub> utilization with plastic upcycling, these approaches not only mitigate greenhouse gas emissions but also more efficiently convert waste into high-value chemicals and advanced carbon materials. These innovative methods offer sustainable approaches to plastic waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135363
Bo Ni , Xiaohan Yan , Baozhong Zhu , Fan Li , Yunlan Sun
Micron-sized aluminum (Al-μm) powder is difficult to ignite or burn thoroughly in water vapor (WRV). These issues limit the application of Al powder in solid propellants. To address these issues, nano-sized boron (B-nm) powder was incorporated into Al-μm powder, and the effects of different B contents and temperatures on the ignition and combustion (IAC) performance of the B-Al mixtures in a high-temperature tube furnace were studied. The addition of B-nm powder significantly reduces both the ignition temperature and the ignition delay time (IDT) of Al-μm in WRV. When the ambient temperature is 1000 °C, the IDT of the B-Al mixtures gradually decreases with the increase of B content. Notably, the sample containing 40 wt% B-nm powder exhibits the optimal performance, which has the lowest ignition temperature (334.85 °C), the shortest IDT (2.82 s), and the highest combustion temperature (1176.53 °C). Compared with Al-μm powder, the ignition temperature and the IDT of Al with 40% B-nm addition are reduced by 62.32% and 76.69%, respectively. All these results demonstrate that adding B-nm powder can improve the IAC of Al-μm powder in WRV. In addition, the combustion mechanism of the B-Al mixtures in WRV is discussed. This study not only contributes to improving the combustion of Al but also increases the heat release of the Al/Water system in ramjet engines.
{"title":"Nano-sized boron improving the ignition and combustion of micron-sized aluminum powder in water vapor","authors":"Bo Ni , Xiaohan Yan , Baozhong Zhu , Fan Li , Yunlan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micron-sized aluminum (Al-μm) powder is difficult to ignite or burn thoroughly in water vapor (WRV). These issues limit the application of Al powder in solid propellants. To address these issues, nano-sized boron (B-nm) powder was incorporated into Al-μm powder, and the effects of different B contents and temperatures on the ignition and combustion (IAC) performance of the B-Al mixtures in a high-temperature tube furnace were studied. The addition of B-nm powder significantly reduces both the ignition temperature and the ignition delay time (IDT) of Al-μm in WRV. When the ambient temperature is 1000 °C, the IDT of the B-Al mixtures gradually decreases with the increase of B content. Notably, the sample containing 40 wt% B-nm powder exhibits the optimal performance, which has the lowest ignition temperature (334.85 °C), the shortest IDT (2.82 s), and the highest combustion temperature (1176.53 °C). Compared with Al-μm powder, the ignition temperature and the IDT of Al with 40% B-nm addition are reduced by 62.32% and 76.69%, respectively. All these results demonstrate that adding B-nm powder can improve the IAC of Al-μm powder in WRV. In addition, the combustion mechanism of the B-Al mixtures in WRV is discussed. This study not only contributes to improving the combustion of Al but also increases the heat release of the Al/Water system in ramjet engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are cost-effective and environmentally friendly pretreatment agents for delignifying lignocellulosic biomass. This study aimed to identify the most efficient DES system for corn stover delignification, improve fermentable sugar accessibility, and enhance bioethanol yield. Corn stover was pretreated using 18 DES formulations derived from oxalic acid, lactic acid, and urea, each combined with choline chloride. The most effective DES system was evaluated based on lignin removal, cellulose retention, and enzymatic digestibility. Among all formulations, choline chloride–lactic acid (1:8) achieved the highest delignification (82.5 %) while retaining 69.3 % cellulose and 67.0 % hemicellulose. Enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated biomass produced 58.94 g/L of reducing sugars with a saccharification efficiency of 65.15 %. Fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (hexoses fermenting) and Pachysolen tannophilus (pentose fermenting) yielded 18.69 g/L of ethanol, with a fermentation efficiency of 70.4 % and an ethanol yield percentage (YPS) of 36.0 %. Scaling up the process to 1 kg of corn stover resulted in an ethanol yield of 149.56 g. The reusability of the choline chloride–lactic acid (1:8) system was also evaluated, showing minimal reduction in pretreatment efficiency after the first recycle but a significant decline after the second. These findings highlight the potential of DES-based pretreatment for sustainable bioethanol production. The present study comprehensively assesses the efficiency, scalability, and reusability of DES-based pretreatment for corn stover, demonstrating its potential for sustainable bioethanol production.
{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent-mediated delignification of corn stover for improved fermentable sugar yield and bioethanol production","authors":"Mandeep Kaur Gill , Gurvinder Singh Kocher , Alla Singh Panesar , Monica Sachdeva Taggar","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are cost-effective and environmentally friendly pretreatment agents for delignifying lignocellulosic biomass. This study aimed to identify the most efficient DES system for corn stover delignification, improve fermentable sugar accessibility, and enhance bioethanol yield. Corn stover was pretreated using 18 DES formulations derived from oxalic acid, lactic acid, and urea, each combined with choline chloride. The most effective DES system was evaluated based on lignin removal, cellulose retention, and enzymatic digestibility. Among all formulations, choline chloride–lactic acid (1:8) achieved the highest delignification (82.5 %) while retaining 69.3 % cellulose and 67.0 % hemicellulose. Enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated biomass produced 58.94 g/L of reducing sugars with a saccharification efficiency of 65.15 %. Fermentation using <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (hexoses fermenting) and <em>Pachysolen tannophilus</em> (pentose fermenting) yielded 18.69 g/L of ethanol, with a fermentation efficiency of 70.4 % and an ethanol yield percentage (YPS) of 36.0 %. Scaling up the process to 1 kg of corn stover resulted in an ethanol yield of 149.56 g. The reusability of the choline chloride–lactic acid (1:8) system was also evaluated, showing minimal reduction in pretreatment efficiency after the first recycle but a significant decline after the second. These findings highlight the potential of DES-based pretreatment for sustainable bioethanol production. The present study comprehensively assesses the efficiency, scalability, and reusability of DES-based pretreatment for corn stover, demonstrating its potential for sustainable bioethanol production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135457"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135464
Yuanyin Wang , Daoyi Chen , Kai Liu , Chang Guo , Mucong Zi
Natural gas is clean energy for carbon neutrality, while its transportation is threatened by gas hydrate blockage in pipelines. As a vital component of global gas reserve, the development of gas condensate fields is accompanied by condensate oil, however, how condensate oil affects hydrate formation and the performance of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) remains unclear. This study experimentally investigated the impact of model condensate oil (n-hexane) on hydrate formation kinetics in both pure water and KHI systems (PVP, Luvicap-EG, and Inhibex-501). Results demonstrated that n-hexane promoted methane hydrate formation in pure water, but displayed the dual effect in KHI systems, which was related to KHI’s type and subcooling: (i) n-hexane enhanced the performance of Luvicap-EG and Inhibex-501 at low subcooling, but weakened PVP, (ii) the role of n-hexane on Luvicap-EG and Inhibex-501 shifted from enhancement to weakening when increasing subcooling. Furthermore, combined with hydrate morphology analysis, a mechanism hypothesis was proposed that the dual effect originated from the various characters of n-hexane at gas–liquid-solid interface and bulk water phase, corresponding to different modes of hydrate formation. This study elucidates the complex influence of condensate oil on hydrate formation and inhibition, facilitating successful application of KHIs in gas condensate fields.
{"title":"Dual effect of model condensate oil on how kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) inhibit methane hydrate formation","authors":"Yuanyin Wang , Daoyi Chen , Kai Liu , Chang Guo , Mucong Zi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas is clean energy for carbon neutrality, while its transportation is threatened by gas hydrate blockage in pipelines. As a vital component of global gas reserve, the development of gas condensate fields is accompanied by condensate oil, however, how condensate oil affects hydrate formation and the performance of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) remains unclear. This study experimentally investigated the impact of model condensate oil (n-hexane) on hydrate formation kinetics in both pure water and KHI systems (PVP, Luvicap-EG, and Inhibex-501). Results demonstrated that n-hexane promoted methane hydrate formation in pure water, but displayed the dual effect in KHI systems, which was related to KHI’s type and subcooling: (i) n-hexane enhanced the performance of Luvicap-EG and Inhibex-501 at low subcooling, but weakened PVP, (ii) the role of n-hexane on Luvicap-EG and Inhibex-501 shifted from enhancement to weakening when increasing subcooling. Furthermore, combined with hydrate morphology analysis, a mechanism hypothesis was proposed that the dual effect originated from the various characters of n-hexane at gas–liquid-solid interface and bulk water phase, corresponding to different modes of hydrate formation. This study elucidates the complex influence of condensate oil on hydrate formation and inhibition, facilitating successful application of KHIs in gas condensate fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an effective technology to eliminate sulfur compounds from fuels. Zr-based MOFs are frequently employed as ODS catalyst support. In this paper, a Zr-based MOF (NNU-28) catalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and three hydrophobic catalysts (OTES-NNU-28, DTS-NNU-28, HDTMS-NNU-28) were synthesized by surface modification with organosilanes of different alkane chains. Then the hydrophobic OTES-NNU-28, DTS-NNU-28, and HDTMS-NNU-28 were used as ODS catalysts directly without the loading of active components. The catalysts before and after hydrophobic modification were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, Contact angle test, UV–Vis DRS, Mott-Schottky and N2 adsorption–desorption. Under appropriate reaction circumstances, OTES-NNU-28 can completely remove DBT in 50 min and has a good removal efficiency for BT, 4,6-DMDBT, and DBT. The removal efficiency for DBT could reach 85% after 12 cycles. We found that the electronic structure of NNU-28 is more favorable for charge migration due to its anthracene-based ligand structure with a narrow band gap and higher electron density than other typical Zr-based MOFs, and the surface hydrophobicity modification greatly improves the ODS reaction rate and the stability of the catalyst, which also verifies that the degree of hydrophobicity modification needs to be in an appropriate range. Finally, the oxidation mechanism of the catalyst in the ODS process was examined.
{"title":"Hydrophobic surface modification of Zr-based metal–organic frameworks with silane for oxidative desulfurization","authors":"Gexian Li, Linyu You, Jilong Cheng, Zekai Liu, Jinbiao Wu, Linfeng Zhang, Huadong Wu, Jia Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an effective technology to eliminate sulfur compounds from fuels. Zr-based MOFs are frequently employed as ODS catalyst support. In this paper, a Zr-based MOF (NNU-28) catalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and three hydrophobic catalysts (OTES-NNU-28, DTS-NNU-28, HDTMS-NNU-28) were synthesized by surface modification with organosilanes of different alkane chains. Then the hydrophobic OTES-NNU-28, DTS-NNU-28, and HDTMS-NNU-28 were used as ODS catalysts directly without the loading of active components. The catalysts before and after hydrophobic modification were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, Contact angle test, UV–Vis DRS, Mott-Schottky and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption. Under appropriate reaction circumstances, OTES-NNU-28 can completely remove DBT in 50 min and has a good removal efficiency for BT, 4,6-DMDBT, and DBT. The removal efficiency for DBT could reach 85% after 12 cycles. We found that the electronic structure of NNU-28 is more favorable for charge migration due to its anthracene-based ligand structure with a narrow band gap and higher electron density than other typical Zr-based MOFs, and the surface hydrophobicity modification greatly improves the ODS reaction rate and the stability of the catalyst, which also verifies that the degree of hydrophobicity modification needs to be in an appropriate range. Finally, the oxidation mechanism of the catalyst in the ODS process was examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135435
Zhendong Yao , Wenqing Li , Xuepeng Liu , Jianbo Chen , Chao Li , Yican Chu , Jinlong Cui , Leichao Meng , Yongfu Cui , Meiqiang Fan
Hydrolytic hydrogen production materials, particularly MgH2, have garnered extensive attention for their high hydrogen storage capacity and environmental benefits. Highly active MgH2 has better hydrolysis properties, but is also more prone to oxidative deactivation during storage, which has a great impact on its practical application. To address this contradiction between hydrolysis activity and storage stability, we developed a polymer coated cream-type MgH2. The novel designed MgH2 cream maintains air stability while enabling controllable hydrolysis upon mixing with polyethylene glycol, achieving a final hydrogen yield of 1440 mL/g, with only an 8.2% reduction after 12 h of air exposure. Furthermore, the MgH2 cream simplifies storage, enhances safety, and supports diverse applications, which provides a practical and innovative pathway for advancing hydrolytic hydrogen production technologies.
{"title":"Spear and shield in the design of cream-type MgH2 for hydrolytic hydrogen production","authors":"Zhendong Yao , Wenqing Li , Xuepeng Liu , Jianbo Chen , Chao Li , Yican Chu , Jinlong Cui , Leichao Meng , Yongfu Cui , Meiqiang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrolytic hydrogen production materials, particularly MgH<sub>2</sub>, have garnered extensive attention for their high hydrogen storage capacity and environmental benefits. Highly active MgH<sub>2</sub> has better hydrolysis properties, but is also more prone to oxidative deactivation during storage, which has a great impact on its practical application. To address this contradiction between hydrolysis activity and storage stability, we developed a polymer coated cream-type MgH<sub>2</sub>. The novel designed MgH<sub>2</sub> cream maintains air stability while enabling controllable hydrolysis upon mixing with polyethylene glycol, achieving a final hydrogen yield of 1440 mL/g, with only an 8.2% reduction after 12 h of air exposure. Furthermore, the MgH<sub>2</sub> cream simplifies storage, enhances safety, and supports diverse applications, which provides a practical and innovative pathway for advancing hydrolytic hydrogen production technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135400
Yin Yu , Jun Jiang , Xiu-Min Liu , Qi-Ying Xia , Xue-Hai Ju
Ammonia borane (AB) is known for its high hydrogen storage density. This study aims to investigate the effects of CO2 atmosphere and electric field (EF) on the mechanism of hydrogen production from AB pyrolysis. The variations of the main products, chemical bonds and the detailed decomposition pathways of AB were obtained from the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulations. First, under no EF, the H2 yield in S3 system (AB/CO2 molar ratio of 2.89) is higher than that of other systems. Comparing different EF conditions, it is found that S3 system has the highest yield of H2 and H2O when the EF frequency (νEF) is 0.005 fs−1. The high-frequency EF increases the reaction rate while reducing the formation of the by-product NH3. The initial decomposition of AB is dominated by the cleavage of BH and NH bonds, as well as more intermolecular H transfer. The high-frequency EF significantly enhanced the activation of AB and promoted the pyrolysis dehydrogenation of AB·NH3BH3 → H2 + NH2BH2 is the dominant pathway. When the value of νEF exceeds 0.001 fs−1, the proportion of this pathway gradually decreases with increasing νEF. The main reaction pathway of CO2 is hydrogenation to generate CO2H fragments. The apparent activation energy of S3 system in the presence of optimal CO2 ratio and EF is 53.9 kJ/mol, which is lower than 80.0 kJ/mol of S1 (without CO2 and EF) and 68.6 kJ/mol of S3 (with CO2 but without EF). The coupling effect of CO2 and high-frequency alternating EF significantly reduces the reaction energy barrier of AB pyrolysis dehydrogenation. By leveraging the combined effects of CO2 and EF, both the yield and quality of H2 are improved. This approach not only achieves efficient hydrogen conversion but also contributes to carbon neutrality.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen production from ammonia borane: Dual promotion by CO2 and alternating electric field","authors":"Yin Yu , Jun Jiang , Xiu-Min Liu , Qi-Ying Xia , Xue-Hai Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia borane (AB) is known for its high hydrogen storage density. This study aims to investigate the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere and electric field (EF) on the mechanism of hydrogen production from AB pyrolysis. The variations of the main products, chemical bonds and the detailed decomposition pathways of AB were obtained from the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulations. First, under no EF, the H<sub>2</sub> yield in <strong>S3</strong> system (AB/CO<sub>2</sub> molar ratio of 2.89) is higher than that of other systems. Comparing different EF conditions, it is found that <strong>S3</strong> system has the highest yield of H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O when the EF frequency (ν<sub>EF</sub>) is 0.005 fs<sup>−1</sup>. The high-frequency EF increases the reaction rate while reducing the formation of the by-product NH<sub>3</sub>. The initial decomposition of AB is dominated by the cleavage of B<img>H and N<img>H bonds, as well as more intermolecular H transfer. The high-frequency EF significantly enhanced the activation of AB and promoted the pyrolysis dehydrogenation of AB·NH<sub>3</sub>BH<sub>3</sub> → H<sub>2</sub> + NH<sub>2</sub>BH<sub>2</sub> is the dominant pathway. When the value of ν<sub>EF</sub> exceeds 0.001 fs<sup>−1</sup>, the proportion of this pathway gradually decreases with increasing ν<sub>EF</sub>. The main reaction pathway of CO<sub>2</sub> is hydrogenation to generate CO<sub>2</sub>H fragments. The apparent activation energy of <strong>S3</strong> system in the presence of optimal CO<sub>2</sub> ratio and EF is 53.9 kJ/mol, which is lower than 80.0 kJ/mol of <strong>S1</strong> (without CO<sub>2</sub> and EF) and 68.6 kJ/mol of <strong>S3</strong> (with CO<sub>2</sub> but without EF). The coupling effect of CO<sub>2</sub> and high-frequency alternating EF significantly reduces the reaction energy barrier of AB pyrolysis dehydrogenation. By leveraging the combined effects of CO<sub>2</sub> and EF, both the yield and quality of H<sub>2</sub> are improved. This approach not only achieves efficient hydrogen conversion but also contributes to carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135400"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135427
Ali Talebi, Ghasem Barati Darband
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an essential electrochemical process, integral to hydrogen production via water splitting, and a clean and sustainable energy source. The efficiency of HER is fundamentally dependent on the electrocatalyst’s performance, particularly for its intrinsic activity and long-term stability. In this study, nickel–manganese–phosphide (Ni-Mn-P) nanosheets were synthesized on nickel foam (NF) substrates through a one-step electrodeposition method using the galvanostatic technique at various current densities. The electrocatalytic behavior of these materials for HER was systematically evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dynamic specific resistance testing, and stability measurements. The results indicated that the sample synthesized at a current density of 1 A/cm2 exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, achieving an overpotential of 79 mV vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to reach a current density of 10 mA.cm−2. Additionally, the optimized sample displayed the lowest Tafel slope and minimal charge transfer resistance (Rct), as confirmed by Tafel and EIS analyses. This study demonstrates an efficient electrochemical synthesis approach for producing highly active and stable electrocatalysts, significantly improving the efficiency of hydrogen generation.
{"title":"Ultra-fast one-step electrochemical synthesize of Ni-Mn-P as an active and stable electrocatalyst for green hydrogen production","authors":"Ali Talebi, Ghasem Barati Darband","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an essential electrochemical process, integral to hydrogen production via water splitting, and a clean and sustainable energy source. The efficiency of HER is fundamentally dependent on the electrocatalyst’s performance, particularly for its intrinsic activity and long-term stability. In this study, nickel–manganese–phosphide (Ni-Mn-P) nanosheets were synthesized on nickel foam (NF) substrates through a one-step electrodeposition method using the galvanostatic technique at various current densities. The electrocatalytic behavior of these materials for HER was systematically evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dynamic specific resistance testing, and stability measurements. The results indicated that the sample synthesized at a current density of 1 A/cm2 exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, achieving an overpotential of 79 mV vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to reach a current density of 10 mA.cm<sup>−2</sup>. Additionally, the optimized sample displayed the lowest Tafel slope and minimal charge transfer resistance (R<sub>ct</sub>), as confirmed by Tafel and EIS analyses. This study demonstrates an efficient electrochemical synthesis approach for producing highly active and stable electrocatalysts, significantly improving the efficiency of hydrogen generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes an innovative double-layer reactor that decouples volatile-char interactions into distinct primary and secondary interactions, allowing for a systematic investigation of their respective effects on the pyrolysis behavior of poplar wood (PW) and the characteristics of the resulting products. Following primary interactions, a significant enhancement in bio-oil yield was observed, reaching 57.92 wt%, with anhydrosugars accounting for 13.27 % of the bio-oil composition. Concurrently, the non-condensable gas composition exhibited substantial concentrations of CO and CH4, constituting 29.05 % and 12.26 % of the gaseous products, respectively. Through controlled secondary interactions, the content of phenols and other aromatics in bio-oil ultimately reached 55.08 %. Simultaneously, the added activated carbon in interlayer demonstrated significant compositional modifications that the volatile content increased from 3.78 to 9.77 wt%, accompanied by a corresponding reduction in oxygen content to 5.73 wt%. The pore structure of activated carbon was also altered after secondary interactions. The innovative double-layer reactor enables precise control over pyrolysis product distribution and quality through its two-stage volatile-char interaction mechanism, establishing a technologically viable pathway for industrial-scale valorization of waste biomass.
{"title":"Volatile-char interactions during biomass pyrolysis: Effect of decoupled primary and secondary interactions on product control","authors":"Anjiang Gao, Hekuan Fu, Weiwei Wu, Shihao Lv, Wenran Gao, Nanfeng Zhu, Yong Huang, Félix Mérimé Bkangmo Kontchouo, Shu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an innovative double-layer reactor that decouples volatile-char interactions into distinct primary and secondary interactions, allowing for a systematic investigation of their respective effects on the pyrolysis behavior of poplar wood (PW) and the characteristics of the resulting products. Following primary interactions, a significant enhancement in bio-oil yield was observed, reaching 57.92 wt%, with anhydrosugars accounting for 13.27 % of the bio-oil composition. Concurrently, the non-condensable gas composition exhibited substantial concentrations of CO and CH<sub>4</sub>, constituting 29.05 % and 12.26 % of the gaseous products, respectively. Through controlled secondary interactions, the content of phenols and other aromatics in bio-oil ultimately reached 55.08 %. Simultaneously, the added activated carbon in interlayer demonstrated significant compositional modifications that the volatile content increased from 3.78 to 9.77 wt%, accompanied by a corresponding reduction in oxygen content to 5.73 wt%. The pore structure of activated carbon was also altered after secondary interactions. The innovative double-layer reactor enables precise control over pyrolysis product distribution and quality through its two-stage volatile-char interaction mechanism, establishing a technologically viable pathway for industrial-scale valorization of waste biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135410"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135454
Jiale Ren , Qianfei Ma , Xiaofeng Sun , Jinyuan Ma , Guorong Liu , Hua Yang
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into renewable fuels has been received as one of the most promising technologies to alleviate the problems of greenhouse effect and energy crisis; however, achieving the efficient conversion of CO2 selectively into a single product remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report that In3+-doping and oxygen vacancies co-engineer the active sites of the Bi2WO6 (BWO) photocatalyst to achieve efficient photoreduction of CO2 selectively into CO. Novel In3+-doped BWO hollow nanospheres with abundant oxygen vacancies have been hydrothermally prepared by using ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that the In3+ doping and oxygen vacancies synergistically lead to the formation of coordination-unsaturated Bi active sites, enhance the CO2 adsorption on the photocatalyst, promote the electron transfer from the photocatalyst to CO2, and lower the energy barriers of CO2 photoreduction; moreover, mixed defect states are introduced within the bandgap, which expand the light absorption range, promote the separation of photocarriers and prolong their lifetime. These factors collectively endow the photocatalyst with excellent CO2 photoreduction performance. The optimal In0.075BWO-EG results in the CO yield rate as high as 95.6 μmol g−1h−1 with 99.7 % selectivity, which is superior to that of other reported BWO-based photocatalysts. This research offers an important strategy and understanding for improving the CO2 photoreduction performance of photocatalysts.
{"title":"In3+-doping and oxygen vacancies co-engineering active sites of Bi2WO6 hollow nanospheres to achieve efficient photoreduction of CO2 to CO with nearly 100 % selectivity","authors":"Jiale Ren , Qianfei Ma , Xiaofeng Sun , Jinyuan Ma , Guorong Liu , Hua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> into renewable fuels has been received as one of the most promising technologies to alleviate the problems of greenhouse effect and energy crisis; however, achieving the efficient conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> selectively into a single product remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report that In<sup>3+</sup>-doping and oxygen vacancies co-engineer the active sites of the Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> (BWO) photocatalyst to achieve efficient photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> selectively into CO. Novel In<sup>3+</sup>-doped BWO hollow nanospheres with abundant oxygen vacancies have been hydrothermally prepared by using ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that the In<sup>3+</sup> doping and oxygen vacancies synergistically lead to the formation of coordination-unsaturated Bi active sites, enhance the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption on the photocatalyst, promote the electron transfer from the photocatalyst to CO<sub>2</sub>, and lower the energy barriers of CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction; moreover, mixed defect states are introduced within the bandgap, which expand the light absorption range, promote the separation of photocarriers and prolong their lifetime. These factors collectively endow the photocatalyst with excellent CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction performance. The optimal In<sub>0.075</sub>BWO-EG results in the CO yield rate as high as 95.6 μmol g<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> with 99.7 % selectivity, which is superior to that of other reported BWO-based photocatalysts. This research offers an important strategy and understanding for improving the CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction performance of photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 135454"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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