Catalytic performance of hexagonal boron Nitride@ APTS-SO3H as heterogeneous nanocatalyst for biodiesel production

Abstract

In this study, the synthesis of a new stable hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is reported via the combustion of boric acid and urea using a pyrolysis method. The surface of hBN particles was modified and the physical/chemical properties of h-BN-APTS-SO₃H were examined by different characterization, confirming the modification of h-BN. The effects of methanol/acid molar ratio, temperature, and amount of catalyst were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the esterification of palmitic acid were as follows: methanol to a palmitic acid molar ratio of 30:1, a temperature of 50 °C, a catalyst of 300 mg for 5 h, and a maximum yield of biodiesel of 90 % was achieved. Furthermore, the quality parameters of the biodiesel were made according to ASTM methods [ASTM D445: Kinematic viscosity, ASTM D445: Flash-point, ASTM D92: Ash content, ASTM D6751: Density]. Tests indicate that the quality parameters of the prepared biodiesel were within ASTM standards. Significantly, the h-BN@APTS-SO₃H(1) catalyst showed excellent stability on repeated reuse and can be recycled several times without much activity loss.