Exploring the synergistic potential: the integration of electrolytically synthesized silver nanoparticles into graphene oxide for enhanced antimicrobial activity
Alejandra Durán-Almendárez, Ana Ketzaly Calvillo-Anguiano, Griselda Mayela Loredo-Becerra, Idania De Alba-Montero, Ana Laura Ruiz-Castillo, Luis Octavio Hernández-Arteaga, Abel Hurtado-Macías, Facundo Ruiz
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Currently, one of the main global issues is the growing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. For this reason, in recent years, research has focused on the continuous search for new materials that can enhance antibacterial efficiency. One material that has attracted attention in various fields of science is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used as a support to disperse numerous nanoparticles. This is due to the functional groups distributed on its surface, which act as reactive sites that promote nucleation and growth. The main objective of this work was to improve the antibacterial capacity of GO through functionalization with silver nanoparticles (GO–Ag). GO was synthesized using the modified Hummers method, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using an optimized electrolytic method. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), AgNPs with an average diameter of 10.8 nm were observed to be anchored to the GO sheets, which was corroborated by absorption spectroscopy. The antimicrobial capacity of AgNPs, GO, and GO–Ag was quantitatively determined using the plate microdilution method against the bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). GO did not exhibit antibacterial activity even at the highest concentration used. In contrast, the strains showed high sensitivity against GO with silver nanoparticles; additionally, these results proved to be more efficient than those obtained with AgNPs alone. Therefore, the obtained data indicated that the functionalization of GO with silver nanoparticles increases the bactericidal capacity of the material and could be considered a novel option for the development of potential antibacterial agents.
期刊介绍:
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.