Journal of Nanoparticle Research最新文献

This study presents the successful synthesis of bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) using a hydrothermal method and its application as a modifier on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of V–O stretching vibrations, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified a pure monoclinic BiVO₄ crystal structure. Morphological analysis revealed spherical BiVO₄ particles, which contributed to enhanced electrochemical performance when integrated into the modified GCE. BiVO₄/GCE exhibited superior electrochemical performance, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies, in detecting analytes including hexacyanoferrate, tetracycline (TC), and levofloxacin (LVX). BiVO₄ modification significantly boosted the performance of the electrode in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and electron transfer kinetics. These enhancements can be attributed to BiVO₄’s efficient electron transport and electrocatalytic activity. Notably, BiVO₄/GCE exhibited the potential for simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotics showing its versatility for diverse electrochemical sensing applications. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for TC were 27.9 µM and 83.3 µM, respectively, while for LVX, they were 7.39 µM and 22.3 µM. Overall, these findings position BiVO₄/GCE as a promising platform for advanced electrochemical detection and analysis across various fields.

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Hydroxyapatite (Hap) is a mineral extensively studied as an applied biomaterial due to its biocompatibility and physicochemical capabilities. Many methods of Hap synthesis have been developed, and multiple modifications have been proposed to improve its behaviour under different biological contexts and applications, like doping Hap with lanthanides to introduce luminescent characteristics to the material or adding molecules to interact with specific cellular receptors. The aim of this study was to synthesize a nanocrystalline Hap using an electrochemical method, also modified with a europium homogeneous doping and folic acid, as a potential applied biomaterial design. The material synthesized was extensively characterized and confirmed as a crystalline nanometric Hap, and the Eu homogeneous distribution within the nanomaterial was achieved after testing different variations of the electrochemical method. Also, folic acid (FA) modification of the material was completed via a direct interaction between the FA and the Hap-Eu surface. Hap-Eu nanoparticles synthesized were biocompatible and demonstrated luminescent properties within a cellular context, confirming its potential as an applied biomaterial. Thus, the homogeneous Eu³⁺-doped Hap nanomaterials obtained through this method of synthesis, and its FA modification, proved to be practical candidates for further research on novel and more specific biomaterials.

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Alternative text: The figure shows a schematic diagram of Hap-Eu synthesis, with several images. First, a photograph of the equipment used, consisting of a power source connected to a mechanical stirrer with rotating electrodes, below them is a water bath over a magnetic stirrer plate. A second photo with a detailed view of the reaction pot inside a water bath where electrodes are shown inside the reaction solution of Ca, EDTA and phosphate; in the reaction pot Eu was added using two methods a single addition and a multiple addition. Third photo shows resulting Hap-Eu white powder and fourth photo has the Hap-Eu after folic acid modification, resulting in a yellowish powder. Bottom line of the graphical abstract shows the (Eu+Ca)/P ratio over time, the nanometric shape and the luminescent properties of the nanomaterials synthesized, and they correspond to Fig. 2d, Fig. 7a and Fig. 8b of the article respectively.

RNA is rapidly emerging as a pivotal therapeutic modality in oncology. Nonetheless, the successful delivery of RNA molecules into cells faces obstacles due to their large molecular weight, inherent negative charge, and susceptibility to degradation by RNase enzymes. In recent years, exosomes as RNA delivery vehicles have received increasing attention as an innovative approach to treat cancer. Exosomes offer distinct advantages in delivering RNA, including enhanced cellular targeting, improved stability, and reduced immunogenicity, thereby facilitating the efficient transfer of therapeutic RNA molecules into target cells. Therefore, it is crucial to summarize the applications of cancer therapy through exosome-loaded RNA. In this review, the formation process of exosomes is briefly introduced, followed by a summary of existing loading methods and a focus on therapeutic strategies for the delivery of five types of RNAs (such as siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA). The review was concluded with deliberations on the key challenges and future outlooks of exosome-loaded RNA applications for cancer therapy.

Nano-CaCO₃ powders are widely used in electronic ceramics, high-grade coatings and other fields. With the development of technology, higher requirements have been put forward for its particle size and dispersibility in applications. In this paper, we synthesized nano-CaCO₃ powders in one step using the sand milling-bubble carbonization method and explored the formation mechanism of monodisperse nano-CaCO₃. The results show that the particle size of Ca(OH)₂ has a significant effect on the particle size of CaCO₃. The sand milling during the carbonization process can effectively promote the dissolution of Ca(OH)₂ and, at the same time, effectively control the particle size and homogeneity of CaCO₃, thus obtaining CaCO₃ powders with refined grains and high dispersibility. Under the optimized process, by controlling the pre-sanding time of Ca(OH)₂ to 20 min and the Ca(OH)₂ concentration to 1.5 mol/L, pure calcite-phase CaCO₃ powder was achieved. The SEM average particle size was 60 ± 10 nm, the particle size distribution D₅₀ was 0.073 μm, and the equivalent diameter of the powder calculated by the specific surface area test was about 71 nm. These values were in good agreement with each other, indicating that the CaCO₃ powder is monodisperse. This study provides a simple and effective method for the large-scale preparation of monodisperse nano-CaCO₃ powders using industrial carbonization.

Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin film was grown on a glass substrate at room temperature using the Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The grown thin films were annealed at 350⁰C and 400⁰C for 30 min. Structural and optical properties of CdO thin films after annealing were examined. Analyzes were made with X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX) devices for structural properties, and UV–Vis devices for optical properties. The XRD peak intensities of CdO thin films exposed to annealing temperature increased and the crystal structure improved. The bandgap energy range decreased from 2.48 eV to 2.37 eV with the effect of annealing temperature.

Allowing coupled enzymes to crosslink with nanoparticles (NPs) into nanoclusters has been shown to facilitate them engaging in the most efficient form of multienzymatic catalysis, namely that of intermediary channeling. Utilizing a previously validated nanoparticle-scaffolded seven enzyme cascade from glycolysis that processes glucose into 3-phosphoglycerate, we begin by confirming that non-cadmium containing ZnSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) made from non-toxic and earth abundant materials can replace Cd-containing QDs as a scaffolding material in the multienzyme clusters while still providing access to improved channeling activity. We then investigate the role of enzyme assembly order within mixed NP systems that consist of both spherical QDs and rectangular 2-dimensional nanoplatelets (NPLs). Along with physicochemical confirmation of enzyme assembly to the QDs and enzyme-induced cluster formation, the rate of overall catalytic flux for each of the systems was monitored under different assembly conditions. The results reveal that adjusting relative NP concentration normalized to surface area, enzyme assembly order, and choice of initial material in any mixed NP clustered configuration are critical to attaining further improvements in catalytic flux via channeling. The potential ramifications of these observations in the context of assembling designer biosynthetic cascades that use bulk feedstock materials derived from agriculture to create new and useful products are then discussed.

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Schematic of a self-assembled mixed QD-NPL-enzyme system engaged in 7-enzyme sequential substrate channeling.

In this study, a combination of ab initio calculation (density functional theory) and a thermodynamic approach was applied to investigate the properties of arsenic in exhaust gas emitted from coal-based power plants in various temperature ranges. Also, the mechanism of interaction of aluminum phosphorus nanotube (AlPNT) with various arsenic moieties in the gas phase was studied. The stock gas is rich in trivalent arsenic (As³⁺), while the temperature can remarkably alter its morphological distribution. In the case of temperature < 850 K, the trigonal bipyramid form is the governing structure for trioxide moieties. On the other hand, for temperature > 850 K, the dominant structure is chain type rather than trigonal bipyramid. This work is devoted to confirming the possibility of arsenic removal from the exhaust gas by using AlPNT as an adsorbent. Also, it should be mentioned that compared with the AlPNTs surface’s performance is high.

Thermodynamic properties in nanomaterials differ notably from bulk materials due to surface effects as well as changes in atomic coordination and quantum size effects. The nanoscale thermal and stability behavior relies crucially on two important properties which are melting entropy (S_mn) and specific heat (C_pn). This paper develops an integrated energy-based theoretical framework that predicts how melting entropy and specific heat change based on sized-dependent characteristics in metal nanoparticles with copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and indium (In). The model shows a clear association between nanoparticle size reduction and cohesive energy decrease which results in measurable patterns of melting temperature reduction and entropy and heat capacity modifications. Nanoparticle size reduction leads to decreased melting entropy because of surface energy effects and simultaneously results in higher specific heat values because atomic vibrations become more prominent. Experimental along with computational data confirm the model predictions through substantial agreement. The developed modeling framework reveals vital thermal parameters for metallic particles at both fundamental and applied technology levels for nanoelectronics devices and phase-change materials along with thermal coatings applications.

This study introduces a novel magnetically separable NiFe₂O₄@PPA-DABCO magnetic nanocomposite catalyst. The catalyst is used to synthesize 2,2´-arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives via a condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes and dimedone in ethanol at ambient conditions. The catalyst was examined by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TGA-DTA, and XPS analysis. This environmentally friendly methodology affords numerous benefits, such as a mild reaction condition, shorter reaction times, excellent yield, and use of green solvent. The catalyst can be recycled for six cycles without significantly affecting catalytic activity and product yield.

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Antidepressant abuse has become a growing concern due to their bioaccumulation and potential drug resistance in the environment. Developing smart sensing platforms for antidepressant drug identification could monitor their contamination situation in time. Here, a novel boron-doped g-C₃N₄-glycolchitosan composite (BCNP-GC) was synthesized with high fluorescence emission and ultralong water stability. The electron-deficient boron atom greatly improves the fluorescence response of the composite, while the encapsulation of glycol-chitosan (GC) further enhances its water stability. The designed BCNP-GC could serve as a highly efficient fluorescent probe for the rapid and sensitive detection of nortriptyline (NOT), a typical antidepressant drug in the environment, via internal filtration effect and dynamic quenching effect. It is expected that this strategy can be extended to the fabrication of a variety of nitrogenous carbon-based tricyclic antidepressant monitoring systems with more customized functionalities.