Operational uptime and other measures of performance of an open car park in fire

IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104209
Wojciech Węgrzyński, Paulina Jamińska-Gadomska, Bartosz Miechówka, Grzegorz Krajewski
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Abstract

192 coupled wind and fire CFD simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent to study the wind and fire interaction in an open car park. The natural ventilation was insufficient for removal of smoke and heat for the majority of investigated fires. Blockage effect was observed for wind directions parallel to the open walls, which resulted in reduced smoke removal and higher smoke temperatures. With known probabilities of all the investigated wind speed and directions, we have estimated the percentage of time in which fire outcomes are acceptable. This value was coined as the car park operational uptime, and was 84.9 %–92.8 % in relation to the fire with HRR = 1.4 MW; 36.5 %–56.1 % at 4.0 MW; 34.1 %–54.4 % at 6.0 MW and 12.13–25.5 % at 8.8 MW. In 6.22 % of wind cases, the velocity inside the car park exceeded 3.0 m/s, which could potentially contribute to the growth of the fire. Limitations of the study include the assumed wind probability distribution relevant to the Warsaw region, the single location of the fire used in the assessment and the implicit modelling of topography and architecture through an introduced wind profile and terrain roughness model.

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消防开放式停车场的正常运行时间和其他性能指标
使用 ANSYS Fluent 进行了 192 次风与火 CFD 耦合模拟,以研究开放式停车场中风与火的相互作用。在大多数调查的火灾中,自然通风不足以消除烟雾和热量。与开放式墙壁平行的风向会产生阻塞效应,导致排烟量减少和烟雾温度升高。根据所有调查风速和风向的已知概率,我们估算出火灾结果可接受的时间百分比。该值被称为停车场运行正常时间,在 HRR = 1.4 MW 的情况下为 84.9 %-92.8 %;在 4.0 MW 的情况下为 36.5 %-56.1 %;在 6.0 MW 的情况下为 34.1 %-54.4 %;在 8.8 MW 的情况下为 12.13-25.5 %。在 6.22% 的风力情况下,停车场内的风速超过了 3.0 米/秒,这有可能导致火势蔓延。该研究的局限性包括:假定的风力概率分布与华沙地区相关、评估中使用的火灾地点单一以及通过引入风廓线和地形粗糙度模型对地形和建筑进行隐式建模。
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来源期刊
Fire Safety Journal
Fire Safety Journal 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
9.70%
发文量
153
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Fire Safety Journal is the leading publication dealing with all aspects of fire safety engineering. Its scope is purposefully wide, as it is deemed important to encourage papers from all sources within this multidisciplinary subject, thus providing a forum for its further development as a distinct engineering discipline. This is an essential step towards gaining a status equal to that enjoyed by the other engineering disciplines.
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