Unlocking iron-based mixed-phosphate cathode for sodium-ion batteries through off-stoichiometry

IF 9.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Nano Research Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.1007/s12274-024-6804-1

Zhaolu Liu, Yongjie Cao, Ning Wang, Hui Yang, Hao Zhang, Xinyue Xu, Nan Wang, Jie Xu, Yao Liu, Junxi Zhang, Yongyao Xia

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Abstract

The off-stoichiometric iron-based phosphate (Na_3.12Fe_2.44(P₂O₇)₂, denoted as Na_3.12) as a low cost and high structure stability cathode material has been widely studied for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the lower theoretical specific capacity (117 mAh·g⁻¹) has seriously limited its practical application. In this work, we incorporate varying proportion of sodium-iron phosphate (NaFePO₄) into the Na_3.12 to form a series of new high specific capacity mixed-phosphates Na_3.12+xFe_2.44+x(P₂O₇)₂(PO₄)_x cathode materials for SIBs. After optimizing the introduction amount of NaFePO₄ into Na_3.12, the practical reversible of Na_3.12+xFe_2.44+x(P₂O₇)₂(PO₄)_x increased from 92 to 125.2 mAh·g⁻¹. The nano-size Na_5.12Fe_4.44(P₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₂ cathode material shows a reversible specific capacity of 125.2 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.1 C in SIBs. Even at 60 C, it still exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 93.3 mAh·g⁻¹ and keeps a capacity retention ratio of 87% after 3000 cycles at 20 C. Thereby, we present a novel approach to design a series of off-stoichiometric mixed-phosphates cathode materials for SIBs.

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通过非化学计量揭开钠离子电池铁基混合磷酸盐阴极的神秘面纱

作为一种成本低、结构稳定性高的钠离子电池（SIB）正极材料，非化学计量铁基磷酸酯（Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2，简称 Na3.12）已被广泛研究。然而，较低的理论比容量（117 mAh-g-1）严重限制了其实际应用。在这项研究中，我们在 Na3.12 中加入了不同比例的钠铁磷酸盐（NaFePO4），形成了一系列用于 SIB 的新型高比容量混合磷酸盐 Na3.12+xFe2.44+x(P2O7)2(PO4)x 正极材料。优化 Na3.12 中 NaFePO4 的引入量后，Na3.12+xFe2.44+x(P2O7)2(PO4)x 的实用可逆性从 92 mAh-g-1 提高到 125.2 mAh-g-1。纳米尺寸的 Na5.12Fe4.44(P2O7)2(PO4)2 阴极材料在 0.1 C 的 SIB 中显示出 125.2 mAh-g-1 的可逆比容量。因此，我们提出了一种新方法来设计一系列用于 SIB 的非化学计量混合磷酸盐阴极材料。

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来源期刊

Nano Research 化学-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

14.30

自引率

11.10%

发文量

2574

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： Nano Research is a peer-reviewed, international and interdisciplinary research journal that focuses on all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It solicits submissions in various topical areas, from basic aspects of nanoscale materials to practical applications. The journal publishes articles on synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nanomaterials; nanoscale physics, electrical transport, and quantum physics; scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy; nanofluidics; nanosensors; nanoelectronics and molecular electronics; nano-optics, nano-optoelectronics, and nano-photonics; nanomagnetics; nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine; and nanoscale modeling and simulations. Nano Research offers readers a combination of authoritative and comprehensive Reviews, original cutting-edge research in Communication and Full Paper formats. The journal also prioritizes rapid review to ensure prompt publication.