{"title":"High-performance thermal interface materials enabled by vertical alignment of lightweight and soft graphene foams","authors":"Huaqiang Fu, Renqiang Fang, Chao Tian, Wei Qian, Shiya Cao, Ziran Zhang, Xiaoxi Xu, Chuang Yao, Zhe Wang, Daping He","doi":"10.1007/s12274-024-6985-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) are highly sought after for modern electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials as vertical aligned fillers can optimize the out-plane thermal conductivity (<i>k</i><sub>⊥</sub>), but their excessively high content or intrinsic rigidness deteriorate TIMs softness, leading to worsening for thermal contact resistance (<i>R</i><sub>contact</sub>). In this study, 2D graphene materials are fabricated into lightweight and soft graphene foams (GFs) with high-orientation, acting as vertical filler frameworks to optimize the <i>k</i><sub>⊥</sub> and <i>R</i><sub>contact</sub> for vertical GF (VGF) TIMs. The VGF-TIM has a high <i>k</i><sub>⊥</sub> of 47.9 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> at a low graphene content of 15.5 wt.%. Due to the softness and low filler contents of GFs, the VGF-TIM exhibits a low compressive module (4.2 MPa), demonstrating excellent compressibility. The resulting TIM exhibit a low contact resistance of 24.4 K·mm<sup>2</sup>·W<sup>−1</sup>, demonstrating 185.1% higher cooling efficiency in practical heat dissipating scenario compared to commercial advanced TIMs. This work provides guidelines for the design of advanced TIMs and their applications in thermal management.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":713,"journal":{"name":"Nano Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nano Research","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12274-024-6985-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
High-performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) are highly sought after for modern electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials as vertical aligned fillers can optimize the out-plane thermal conductivity (k⊥), but their excessively high content or intrinsic rigidness deteriorate TIMs softness, leading to worsening for thermal contact resistance (Rcontact). In this study, 2D graphene materials are fabricated into lightweight and soft graphene foams (GFs) with high-orientation, acting as vertical filler frameworks to optimize the k⊥ and Rcontact for vertical GF (VGF) TIMs. The VGF-TIM has a high k⊥ of 47.9 W·m−1·K−1 at a low graphene content of 15.5 wt.%. Due to the softness and low filler contents of GFs, the VGF-TIM exhibits a low compressive module (4.2 MPa), demonstrating excellent compressibility. The resulting TIM exhibit a low contact resistance of 24.4 K·mm2·W−1, demonstrating 185.1% higher cooling efficiency in practical heat dissipating scenario compared to commercial advanced TIMs. This work provides guidelines for the design of advanced TIMs and their applications in thermal management.
期刊介绍:
Nano Research is a peer-reviewed, international and interdisciplinary research journal that focuses on all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It solicits submissions in various topical areas, from basic aspects of nanoscale materials to practical applications. The journal publishes articles on synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nanomaterials; nanoscale physics, electrical transport, and quantum physics; scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy; nanofluidics; nanosensors; nanoelectronics and molecular electronics; nano-optics, nano-optoelectronics, and nano-photonics; nanomagnetics; nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine; and nanoscale modeling and simulations. Nano Research offers readers a combination of authoritative and comprehensive Reviews, original cutting-edge research in Communication and Full Paper formats. The journal also prioritizes rapid review to ensure prompt publication.