The effects of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on anthropometric indices: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

IF 3.3 3区医学 Q1 INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Complementary therapies in medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103066

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Abstract

Objective

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation has shown promise as an anti-obesity agent in various clinical trials, although results have been inconsistent. To provide a more accurate assessment of the impact of flaxseed supplementation on anthropometric indices, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Methods

We searched several international databases until August 2023, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were analyzed using a random-effects model.

Results

Sixty-four trials comprising 72 treatment arms were included. All studies reported the intervention types (Lignans, Whole flaxseed, and Flaxseed oil) and dosage. However, three studies did testing for purity, and 40 studies reported potency. Also, the risk of contamination with heavy metals was not mentioned in studies. Another limitation was the lack of blind evaluation in the studies. According to three trials included in the systematic review, flaxseed did not affect anthropometric indices. Our meta-analysis revealed significant reductions in body weight (WMD = −0.63 kg; 95 % CI: −1.00, −0.27, P < 0.001; I² = 76.7 %, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: −0.24 kg/m2, 95 % CI: −0.36, −0.11, P < 0.001; I² = 78.5 %, P < 0.001) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1.43 cm, 95 % CI: −2.06, −0.80, P < 0.001; I² = 81.1 %, P < 0.001) following flaxseed supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions lasting 10–20 weeks, and studies involving subjects with higher BMI (>30 kg/m²) showed more significant anti-obesity effects. Based on the GRADE evaluation, body weight, BMI, and WC results were considered as moderate-certainty evidence.

Conclusion

Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that supplementation with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) leads to meaningful improvements in body weight, BMI, and WC. Therefore, flaxseed can be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in improving obesity

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补充亚麻籽（Linum usitatissimum）对人体测量指数的影响：随机临床试验的最新系统综述和荟萃分析。

目的：在各种临床试验中，亚麻籽（Linum usitatissimum）作为一种抗肥胖剂被证明是有前景的，尽管结果并不一致。为了更准确地评估亚麻籽补充剂对人体测量指数的影响，我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析：我们检索了截至 2023 年 8 月的多个国际数据库，包括 Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 和 Cochrane Library。采用随机效应模型分析了加权平均差（WMD）：结果：共纳入 64 项试验，包括 72 个治疗臂。所有研究都报告了干预类型（木酚素、全亚麻籽和亚麻籽油）和剂量。不过，有三项研究进行了纯度检测，40 项研究报告了效力。此外，研究中并未提及重金属污染的风险。另一个限制因素是研究中缺乏盲法评估。根据纳入系统综述的三项试验，亚麻籽对人体测量指数没有影响。我们的荟萃分析显示，体重的显著降低（WMD=-0.63kg；95% CI：-1.00，-0.27，P2=76.7%，P2=78.5%，P2=81.1%，P30kg/m2）显示出更明显的抗肥胖效果。根据 GRADE 评估，体重、BMI 和 WC 结果被视为中度确定性证据：我们的系统综述和荟萃分析表明，补充亚麻籽（Linum usitatissimum）可有效改善体重、体重指数和腹围。因此，亚麻籽可被视为改善肥胖症的辅助治疗方法。

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来源期刊

Complementary therapies in medicine 医学-全科医学与补充医学

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

2.80%

发文量

101

审稿时长

112 days

期刊介绍： Complementary Therapies in Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed journal that has considerable appeal to anyone who seeks objective and critical information on complementary therapies or who wishes to deepen their understanding of these approaches. It will be of particular interest to healthcare practitioners including family practitioners, complementary therapists, nurses, and physiotherapists; to academics including social scientists and CAM researchers; to healthcare managers; and to patients. Complementary Therapies in Medicine aims to publish valid, relevant and rigorous research and serious discussion articles with the main purpose of improving healthcare.