Total airway mechanics and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels of children living in banjihas (semi-basements).

Abstract

Background: The ISAAC phase III study in Korea found a higher incidence of wheezing illnesses among residents in basements or semi-basements.

Objective: This study investigates the link between living in banjihas (semi-basements) and airway resistance and Th2 airway inflammation in Korean children, compared to those on higher floors.

Methods: We assessed 575 fifth- and sixth-grade students (aged 10-12) in an inner-city area of South Korea. The study utilized impulse oscillometry to measure small and total airway resistance (Rrs20-5 and Rrs0, respectively) and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) measurements to evaluate airway inflammation. We also considered a range of biological and environmental factors, including allergen sensitization, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and urinary metabolites like VOCs, bisphenol, and triclosan. Participants were categorized by living floors: banjihas, first-fifth floors, and sixth floors or higher.

Results: Twenty-five children (4.3%) lived in banjihas, 311 (54.1%) on the first to fifth floor, and 239 (41.6%) on the sixth floor or above. Despite similar levels of allergen sensitization and urinary pollutant metabolite levels across all groups, banjiha dwellers showed significantly higher total airway resistance (adjusted &1: 0.633, 95%CI: 0.156, 1.109; P = 0.009) and a greater prevalence of elevated FeNO levels (> 35 ppb) (P = 0.033). These findings persisted after adjusting for critical factors like height, gender, BMI z-score, and birth conditions.

Conclusion: Children in banjihas exhibit elevated airway resistance and FeNO levels independently of allergen sensitization or pollution exposure, underscoring the necessity for enhanced focus on their respiratory health in such living conditions.