Enhancing DNA-based nanodevices activation through cationic peptide acceleration of strand displacement†

Abstract

Dynamic DNA-based nanodevices offer versatile molecular-level operations, but the majority of them suffer from sluggish kinetics, impeding the advancement of device complexity. In this work, we present the self-assembly of a cationic peptide with DNA to expedite toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement (TMSD) reactions, a fundamental mechanism enabling the dynamic control and actuation of DNA nanostructures. The target DNA is modified with a fluorophore and a quencher, so that the TMSD process can be monitored by recording the time-dependent fluorescence changes. The boosting effect of the peptides is found to be dependent on the peptide/DNA N/P ratio, the toehold/invader binding affinity, and the ionic strength with stronger effects observed at lower ionic strengths, suggesting that electrostatic interactions play a key role. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cationic peptide enhances the responsiveness and robustness of DNA machinery tweezers or logic circuits (AND and OR) involving multiple strand displacement reactions in parallel and cascade, highlighting its broad utility across DNA-based systems of varying complexity. This work offers a versatile approach to enhance the efficiency of toehold-mediated DNA nanodevices, facilitating flexible design and broader applications.