Far from the walking pace. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of the suboptimal locomotion speeds in non-adult humans

IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY American Journal of Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI:10.1002/ajhb.24138
Guillermo Zorrilla-Revilla, Stella L. Volpe, Olalla Prado-Nóvoa, Kristen R. Howard, Eleni Laskaridou, Elaina L. Marinik, Rohit Ramadoss, Kevin P. Davy, Rebeca García-González
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Abstract

Introduction

Locomotion activities are part of most human daily tasks and are the basis for subsistence activities, particularly for hunter–gatherers. Therefore, differences in speed walking-related variables may have an effect, not only on the mobility of the group, but also on its composition. Some anthropometric parameters related to body length could affect walking speed-related variables and contribute to different human behaviors. However, there is currently little information on the influence of these parameters in nonadult individuals.

Methods

Overall, 11 females and 17 male child/adolescents, 8–17 years of age, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Five different pace walking tests were performed on a treadmill to calculate the optimal locomotion speed (OLS) and U-shaped relationship between the walking energy expenditure and speed (χ2 cost of transport [CoT]) (i.e., energetic walking flexibility).

Results

The mean OLS was 3.05 ± 0.13 miles per hour (mph), with no differences between sexes. Similarly, there were no sex differences in walking flexibility according to the χ2 CoT. Body height (p < .0001) and femur length (p < .001) were positively correlated with χ2 CoT; however, female child/adolescents mitigated the effect of height and femur length when walking at suboptimal speeds.

Conclusion

Consistent with prior observations in adults, our findings suggest that anthropometric parameters related to body stature are associated with reduced suboptimal walking flexibility in children and adolescents. Taken together, these results suggest that children and adolescents can adapt their pace to the one of taller individuals without a highly energetic penalty, but this flexibility decreases with increasing body size.

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远离步行速度。非成年人类次优运动速度的生态和进化后果。
简介运动活动是大多数人类日常任务的一部分,也是生存活动的基础,对于狩猎采集者来说尤其如此。因此,步行速度相关变量的差异不仅会影响群体的流动性,还会影响群体的组成。一些与体长相关的人体测量参数可能会影响与行走速度相关的变量,并导致不同的人类行为。然而,目前有关这些参数对非成人个体影响的信息还很少:方法:共有 11 名女性和 17 名男性儿童/青少年(8-17 岁)自愿参加了这项横断面研究。在跑步机上进行了五次不同步伐的步行测试,以计算最佳运动速度(OLS)和步行能量消耗与速度之间的 U 型关系(χ2 运输成本[CoT])(即能量步行灵活性):平均 OLS 为 3.05 ± 0.13 英里/小时(mph),无性别差异。同样,根据χ2 CoT,行走灵活性也没有性别差异。体高(p 2 CoT;然而,女性儿童/青少年在以次优速度行走时减轻了身高和股骨长度的影响:结论:与之前在成人身上观察到的结果一致,我们的研究结果表明,与身材相关的人体测量参数与儿童和青少年降低次优行走灵活性有关。总之,这些结果表明,儿童和青少年可以根据高个子的速度调整自己的步伐,而不会受到高能量的影响,但这种灵活性会随着体型的增加而降低。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
13.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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