American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Ecologies of Risk: Malaria and Settler Landscape Transformation in 19th-Century Ontario","authors":"Amanda Cooke,&nbsp;Megan B. Brickley","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines how settler-driven environmental change shaped malaria transmission and mortality in 19th-century southern Ontario. It aimed to understand the biosocial and ecological conditions that sustained endemic malaria in a temperate, colonial context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 2702 deaths attributed to probable malaria from 1831 to 1900 using civil, cemetery, parish, and municipal records. Each record was coded for age, sex, occupation, region, and season of death. To assess environmental influences, we incorporated monthly temperature and rainfall data from Toronto as a regional climate proxy. We examined demographic and spatial patterns at multiple scales, including towns, settlement type (urban/rural), and regional groupings, alongside temporal and seasonal variation. Statistical comparisons were used to explore associations, including nonlinear modeling of rainfall and malaria mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Probable malaria mortality declined over time but persisted throughout the century. Children under 5 accounted for over half of recorded deaths, while adults in agricultural occupations were also disproportionately affected. Rural areas, particularly in western Ontario, experienced the highest mortality. Generalized additive model (GAM) results indicated a strong nonlinear association between rainfall and malaria deaths (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while temperature was not a significant predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malaria's persistence in 19th-century Ontario reflected a structural embedding of disease risk within settler-transformed landscapes. Deforestation, altered hydrology, and agricultural intensification created ecologies conducive to mosquito breeding. Vulnerability was not evenly distributed but shaped by age, labor, and proximity to altered environments. These findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental and historical data to reconstruct past disease ecologies and illustrate how evolutionary mismatch can drive vulnerability even in short-lived endemic contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Doing Science With Our Grandmother's WISDOM: A Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning-Making”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dajani, R., D. Glass, and A. Fuentes. 2025. “Doing Science With Our Grandmother's WISDOM: A Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning-Making.” <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> 37: e70138. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70138.</p><p>The affiliation for the author Rana Dajani was missing “Faculty of Science”. The affiliation should read as follows:</p><p>Department of Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>Faculty of Science</p><p>The Hashemite University</p><p>Zarqa, Jordan.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Association of Air Pollution With Adiposity Rates in Active Runners and Inactive People","authors":"Magno Conceição Garcia,&nbsp;Tatiane Cristina Moraes de Sousa","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Allometric Analysis in Newborns Rejects the Allometry Hypothesis for 2D:4D: Strong Developmental Evidence for Prenatal Hormonal Programming","authors":"Barış Özener,&nbsp;Berna Ertuğrul,&nbsp;Görel Aksoy","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the presence of sexual dimorphism in the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) and to systematically investigate the contribution of potential allometric interactions to this variation in a sample of Turkish newborns (<i>N</i> = 225, 125 girls). Investigating newborns provides a unique opportunity to determine whether 2D:4D sexual dimorphism is primarily shaped by prenatal hormonal programming or by postnatal growth-related allometric interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digit lengths (2D and 4D) were measured for both hands with 0.01 mm precision. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), utilizing the mean 4D length as a covariate to isolate the size effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male newborns exhibited significantly lower right and left 2D:4D ratios compared to females (right <i>d</i> = 0.68; left <i>d</i> = 0.80). Although males had significantly longer 4D lengths, ANCOVA results demonstrated that the sexual dimorphism in the 2D:4D ratio remained significant and independent of the 4D size effect (Right <i>p</i> = 0.003; left <i>p</i> = 0.001). Furthermore, when 4D length was statistically controlled, 2D length itself significantly differed between sexes, suggesting independent hormonal influence on 2D development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings provide evidence for sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D in Turkish neonates. In this respect, the sex difference appears to be independent of the absolute length of the fourth digit, providing developmental evidence that is inconsistent with the allometry hypothesis and supporting the premise that 2D:4D dimorphism is likely related to prenatal hormonal programming rather than simple differential growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Ancestry of the Mexican Population: Diversity and Implications for Health Research","authors":"Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa,&nbsp;Jimena Fritz","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mexico's population is often perceived, particularly in U.S. discourse, as genetically homogeneous. This misconception arises from a broader tendency to treat “Mexicans” or “Latinos” as a monolithic category, obscuring historical, cultural, and genetic differences. In fact, Mexico is a highly genetically diverse country. Centuries of admixture among Indigenous, European, and African populations have created complex ancestry patterns that vary by geography, sex-biased lineages, and fine-scale Indigenous substructure. Indigenous groups alone exhibit levels of differentiation comparable to those observed between continental populations, and these distinctions remain detectable in contemporary admixed Mexicans. Such diversity has tangible biomedical consequences: reported ancestry-associated variation in lung function, pharmacogenomic responses, and the discovery of the diabetes-associated SLC16A11 variant illustrate how studies in Mexicans can reveal genetic and health insights that may be invisible in more homogeneous populations. Implications extend well beyond Mexico. More than 37 million people of Mexican origin reside in the United States, forming the largest Latino subgroup, and their genetic ancestry mirrors that of populations in Mexico. Moreover, the European and African components of Mexico's admixture contribute to findings of broader applicability, underscoring that research in Mexico is not only relevant to Latinos but to human populations more generally. Recognizing Mexico's genetic diversity is therefore essential for building more accurate, inclusive, and equitable biomedical knowledge.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding Might Be Associated With Vitamin D and Cortisol Concentration Among Children Aged 6–13 Years","authors":"Anna Opoka,&nbsp;Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska,&nbsp;Elżbieta Żądzińska","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70194","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to investigate if the type of feeding (breastfeeding/formula feeding) and the duration of breastfeeding (in months) may have long-term effects on vitamin D concentrations and cortisol levels in children aged 6–13 years. Additionally, we examined if family socio-economic status (SES) level modifies these relationships.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Material and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The analysis included 170 children (92 girls and 78 boys) aged 6–13 years. The study comprised a parental questionnaire and laboratory analyses. The questionnaire included information on the diet during the first months of life and the family's standard of living. The laboratory analyses measured 25(OH)D and cortisol concentrations in saliva using an ELISA assay. To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding, vitamin D, and cortisol among children, several statistical tests were conducted, including the Chi2 test, the U-Mann–Whitney test, Kendall's Tau correlation, and multivariate and stepwise backward regression.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Breastfed girls had notably higher cortisol concentrations than boys (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; = 1.9885; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0468). In addition, for girls, there was a significant positive correlation between the length of breastfeeding and cortisol concentrations (&lt;i&gt;τ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.2299). The concentration of cortisol was found to have a significant positive correlation with the concentration of vitamin D (&lt;i&gt;τ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.1630). Breastfeeding duration (in months) was found to have a significant positive correlation with vitamin D concentration in males (&lt;i&gt;τ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.1791). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the concentration of vitamin D and cortisol (&lt;i&gt;τ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.2035). The multiple regression model revealed a significant positive correlation between breastfeeding duration (in months) and cortisol concentration in boys (Beta = 0.532; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between cortisol concentration and vitamin D concentration in boys (Beta = 0.217; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0284). In contrast to boys, vitamin D concentrations in girls were found to have a positive correlation with the season of the study, specifically in late spring (Beta = 0.379; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002). Additionally, backward stepwise regression indicated in boys a significant positive correlation between breastfeeding and cortisol levels (Beta = 0.620; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001) and a positive correlation between cortisol levels and vitamin D levels (Beta = 0.222; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0247). Backward stepwise regression analysis also showed a significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and high family SES (Beta = 0.258; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Phenotypic Associations of the Polygenic Score of Delay Discounting and Life History Traits","authors":"Martin Fieder,&nbsp;Susanne Huber","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Delay discounting reflects individual differences in future orientation and impulsivity and may relate to life-history strategies. Because delay discounting has a substantial genetic basis, we investigated whether the polygenic score (PGS) for delay discounting is associated with genetic predispositions for key life-history traits—education, age at first birth, and number of children—and whether these relationships are reflected phenotypically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, including 2713 men and 2980 women of European ancestry with available genetic data. Linear regressions examined associations between the delay-discounting PGS and PGSs for educational attainment, age at first birth, and number of children. Parallel models assessed phenotypic associations with years of postsecondary education, age at first birth, and number of children. All models controlled for birth year and the first 10 genomic principal components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In both sexes, the delay-discounting PGS was strongly negatively associated with the PGSs for educational attainment and age at first birth, and positively associated with the PGS for number of children. Phenotypic associations were directionally consistent but substantially smaller: higher delay-discounting PGSs predicted fewer years of education, earlier first birth, and (marginally) more children. Explained variance ranged from approximately 4%–5% for education to 1%–2% for reproductive traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic and phenotypic associations between delay discounting, education, and reproductive timing align with predictions from fast–slow life-history theory. These findings suggest that behavioral tendencies related to impulsivity and future orientation share molecular genetic foundations with key life-history traits while leaving substantial scope for environmental influences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and Environmental Influence on Birth Weight in Jujuy, Argentina (1991–2014)","authors":"Gabriela Beatriz Revollo,&nbsp;Marcelo Isidro Figueroa,&nbsp;José Edgardo Dipierri,&nbsp;María del Pilar Díaz,&nbsp;Emma Laura Alfaro Gómez","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birth weight (BW) is a key indicator of intrauterine growth, influenced by maternal and environmental factors, including geographic altitude. This study analyzes the influence of maternal and socio-environmental factors on BW between 1991 and 2014 in the province of Jujuy, Argentina.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 310 793 live births in Jujuy were analyzed, grouped by maternal region of residence. Mean BW was estimated, and the percentage distribution of maternal and gestational variables was described. Three-level generalized linear models were applied to assess the association between BW and these variables, accounting for longitudinal and spatial variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean BW was lower in high-altitude regions, with an adjusted difference of ~150 g between highlands and lowlands (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Preterm births, adolescent mothers, and mothers not cohabiting with a partner were associated with lower average BW, while post-term births or mothers with lower educational attainment had higher BW. Adjusted models confirmed differential patterns by altitude, highlighting significant effects (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) of maternal and gestational factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Jujuy, between 1991 and 2014, BW showed a significant association with geographic altitude and maternal factors such as age, marital status, and gestational age, with regional variations. Understanding and addressing these interactions is essential to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Profiles Among Reindeer Herders and Office Workers of Northern Finland","authors":"Ville Stenbäck,&nbsp;Minna Turunen,&nbsp;Päivi Soppela,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Herzig,&nbsp;Cara Ocobock","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Arctic, climate change increases extreme weather events and unpredictability, affects food chains, increases transportational needs, and decreases physical activity (PA) and estimated total energy expenditure (eTEE). Thus, understanding how climate change affects inhabitants of different environments is increasingly important. The reindeer herders of Finnish Lapland are exposed to changing weather conditions year-round and have a highly physically demanding occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied eTEE, physical activity level (PAL), and PA profiles of reindeer herders (<i>n</i> = 10) and office workers (<i>n</i> = 13) in the Inari Municipality area in Finland February of 2023 as a pilot study. eTEE was estimated using the FLEX-HR method and PA parameters were measured using accelerometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did not observe any statistically significant differences between the occupations, but there was a trend of reindeer herders being heavier, having more muscle mass, and greater eTEEs relative to office workers. eTEE for herders was 2887.1 ± 1675.4 and 2038.9 ± 593.1 kcal/day for office workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the seasonal nature of reindeer herding, February is a period of relative ease following the physically demanding round-up period that lasts from September to January, which may explain these results. Furthermore, large variation in the main variables of eTEE and PAL highlights the need for a larger study population. Therefore, a seasonal assessment of PA and eTEE patterns in this unique population where herders and office workers live close to one another and share multiple lifestyle aspects in the rapidly warming Arctic is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12745188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Mobility of the Father and Relative Body Weight of Offspring: A Three-Generation Study","authors":"Aleksandra Gomula,&nbsp;Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska,&nbsp;Monika Zaręba,&nbsp;Sławomir Kozieł","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the relation between intergenerational social mobility and body mass index (BMI) across three generations, focusing on age and sex differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consisted of four child cohorts (born in 1980, 1983, 1985, 1988) measured annually from 6 to 11, 9 to 14, 11 to 16, and 14 to 18 years of age, examined between 1994 and 1999 in Poland. Body height and weight were recorded for 4196 grandfather-father-son/daughter triplets. BMI was calculated and standardized for age (Z-BMI). Social mobility was classified as upward, downward, “lower” stable, and “upper” stable. Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to assess the relationship between social mobility and Z-BMI across different age groups and sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the parental generation, a significant effect of upward mobility was found in fathers. In the third generation, girls from “upper” group had significantly higher Z-BMI in comparison with “lower” and upwardly mobile peers, while boys from “upper” and upwardly mobile groups had significantly higher Z-BMI compared to the “lower” group. When analyzing specific age cohorts, significant effects were found in the two youngest cohorts, where children from the “upper” group had higher Z-BMI compared to their “lower” peers; moreover, the youngest children from upwardly mobile families had higher Z-BMI compared to the “lower” counterparts. Among adolescent girls born in 1983, the significant association between social mobility and BMI showed an emerging marginal trend in the opposite direction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identified age- and sex-related variation in the associations between intergenerational social mobility and BMI, contributing to a broader understanding of how intergenerational processes relate to physical development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}