Synergistic signal−amplification effect of silver nanowires and bifunctional monomers on molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for diuron analysis

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have been widely owing to their specificity, however, their singular structure imposes limitations on their performance. Current enhancement methods, such as doping with inorganic nanomaterials or introducing various functional monomers, are limited and single, indicating that MIP performances require further advancement. In this work, a dual−modification approach that integrates both conductive inorganic nanomaterials and diverse bifunctional monomers was proposed to develop a multifunctional MIP−based electrochemical (MMIP−EC) sensor for diuron (DU) detection. The MMIP was synthesized through a one−step electrochemical copolymerization of silver nanowires (AgNWs), o−phenylenediamine (O−PD), and 3,4−ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). DU molecules could conduct fluent electron transfer within the MMIP layer through the interaction between anchored AgNWs and bifunctional monomers, and the abundant recognition sites and complementary cavity shapes ensured that the imprinted cavities exhibit high specificity. The current intensity amplified by the two modification strategies of MMIP (3.7 times) was significantly higher than the sum of their individual values (3.2 times), exerting a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the adsorption performance of the MMIP was characterized by examining the kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption process. Under optimal conditions, the MMIP−EC sensor exhibits a wide linear range (0.2 ng/mL to 10 μg/mL) for DU detection, with a low detection limit of 89 pg/mL and excellent selectivity (an imprinted factor of 10.4). In summary, the present study affords innovative perspectives for the fabrication of MIP−EC sensor with superior analytical performance.