Hydrogeochemical processes, and health risk assessment of groundwater, in Santa María del rio aquifer: A case study of San Luis Potosí valley, Mexico

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101268
Rosa Maria Fuentes-Rivas , German Santacruz-De Leon , Jose Alfredo Ramos-Leal , Carolina Alvarez-Bastida , Janete Moran-Ramirez
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Abstract

The main objectives of this research were to the hydrogeochemical processes that control the groundwater chemistry, groundwater quality, and assessment of health risks of water. The drinking water that supplies the community of Santa María del Rio, S.L.P., comes from groundwater, in some municipality localities, groundwater Fluorine and arsenic are reported. Twenty-one representative groundwater samples were taken. Physicochemical parameters in situ: pH, OD, ORP, Alkalinity, STD, EC, Salinity, Total Coliforms, and E-coli, were analyzed, and in the laboratory, the heavy metals, metalloids and major constituents, cations: calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium, were determined by the ICP, and anions: chlorides, and sulfates, by colorimetry techniques. The results of the analyses were compared with the Mexican and EPA drinking water standards to verify their suitability and ensure that they do not exceed the permitted limit values. The results of the chemistry of the principal groundwater ions in the study area suggest that the main hydrogeochemical process that controls the variation of groundwater quality is the rock–water interaction. Groundwater has been classified into two hydrochemical facies, CaMgHCO3 and NaHCO3, consistent with the type of rock. The samples with the CaMg–HCO3 facie are associated with less evolved waters located in areas with local recharge. The dominant reactions in the aquifer are calcite, dolomite, and gypsum solutions. The presence of the N–NO3- ion is associated with agricultural and urban zone influence, which indicates that this activity has impacted the water quality. The risk index (HI) results show that values > 0.1 < 1 of HI, for Pb present low chronic risks for adults and children. In contrast, HI values > 4 for both population groups represent high chronic risk. Excessive use of fertilizers should be controlled in the study area to prevent groundwater contamination by heavy metals and metalloids and be measured regularly to check drinking water quality.

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Santa María del rio 含水层的水文地质化学过程和地下水健康风险评估:墨西哥圣路易斯波托西河谷的案例研究
这项研究的主要目标是控制地下水化学的水文地质化学过程、地下水水质以及评估水的健康风险。Santa María del Rio, S.L.P. 社区的饮用水来自地下水,据报告,在一些城市地区,地下水中含有氟和砷。共采集了 21 个有代表性的地下水样本。在实验室中,采用 ICP 法测定重金属、类金属和主要成分,阳离子:钙、钠、镁和钾,阴离子:氯化物和硫酸盐,采用比色法。分析结果与墨西哥和美国环保署的饮用水标准进行了比较,以验证其适用性,并确保不超过允许的限值。研究区主要地下水离子的化学结果表明,控制地下水水质变化的主要水文地质化学过程是岩石与水的相互作用。根据岩石类型,地下水被分为 CaMgHCO3 和 NaHCO3 两种水化学类型。具有 CaMg-HCO3 面貌的样本与位于局部补给区的进化程度较低的水有关。含水层中的主要反应是方解石、白云石和石膏溶液。N-NO3- 离子的存在与农业和城市区域的影响有关,这表明这种活动对水质产生了影响。风险指数(HI)结果显示,铅的 HI 值为 0.1 和 1,对成人和儿童的慢性风险较低。相反,这两个人群的 HI 值为 4,则表示慢性风险较高。研究地区应控制化肥的过量使用,以防止地下水受到重金属和类金属的污染,并定期测量以检查饮用水水质。
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来源期刊
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
10.20%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.
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