{"title":"Trauma reminders and disgust: The roles of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity, trauma type, and reminder type","authors":"M. Shae Nester, Blair E. Wisco","doi":"10.1002/jts.23076","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disgust is a common emotional response to trauma but is studied less frequently than fear or other negative emotions. In laboratory settings, individuals with a history of sexual assault report more disgust following exposure to trauma reminders than those exposed to other trauma types, and people with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms typically report more disgust than those with lower symptom levels. It remains unknown whether this association is also present in ecological contexts and if these associations vary by trauma reminder type. The present sample included 80 trauma-exposed community members (PTSD: <i>n</i> = 39, no PTSD: <i>n</i> = 41) who completed up to 17 prompts per day for 3 days (2,158 total completed surveys). Multilevel models indicated that trauma reminders were associated with increased feelings of disgust, <i>B</i> = 0.16, <i>SE</i> = 0.06, <i>p</i> < .001, which was consistent across trauma reminder types, <i>p</i> < .001–<i>p =</i> .001. PTSD symptom severity moderated the association between trauma reminders and disgust such that it was stronger for participants with higher CAPS-5 scores, <i>B</i> = 0.02, <i>SE</i> = 0.01, <i>p</i> = .011. All trauma reminder types demonstrated the same pattern of moderation, <i>p</i>s = .003–.022, except flashbacks, <i>p</i> = .070. Trauma type was not a significant moderator of any trauma reminder type, <i>p</i>s = .193–.929. These findings suggest that trauma reminders encountered in daily life are associated with feelings of disgust. The results underscore the importance of exploring disgust as a trauma-related emotional experience among trauma survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 6","pages":"959-970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629848/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of traumatic stress","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jts.23076","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Disgust is a common emotional response to trauma but is studied less frequently than fear or other negative emotions. In laboratory settings, individuals with a history of sexual assault report more disgust following exposure to trauma reminders than those exposed to other trauma types, and people with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms typically report more disgust than those with lower symptom levels. It remains unknown whether this association is also present in ecological contexts and if these associations vary by trauma reminder type. The present sample included 80 trauma-exposed community members (PTSD: n = 39, no PTSD: n = 41) who completed up to 17 prompts per day for 3 days (2,158 total completed surveys). Multilevel models indicated that trauma reminders were associated with increased feelings of disgust, B = 0.16, SE = 0.06, p < .001, which was consistent across trauma reminder types, p < .001–p = .001. PTSD symptom severity moderated the association between trauma reminders and disgust such that it was stronger for participants with higher CAPS-5 scores, B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, p = .011. All trauma reminder types demonstrated the same pattern of moderation, ps = .003–.022, except flashbacks, p = .070. Trauma type was not a significant moderator of any trauma reminder type, ps = .193–.929. These findings suggest that trauma reminders encountered in daily life are associated with feelings of disgust. The results underscore the importance of exploring disgust as a trauma-related emotional experience among trauma survivors.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Traumatic Stress (JTS) is published for the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Journal of Traumatic Stress , the official publication for the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, is an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of peer-reviewed original papers on biopsychosocial aspects of trauma. Papers focus on theoretical formulations, research, treatment, prevention education/training, and legal and policy concerns. Journal of Traumatic Stress serves as a primary reference for professionals who study and treat people exposed to highly stressful and traumatic events (directly or through their occupational roles), such as war, disaster, accident, violence or abuse (criminal or familial), hostage-taking, or life-threatening illness. The journal publishes original articles, brief reports, review papers, commentaries, and, from time to time, special issues devoted to a single topic.