Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality

Abstract

Despite Nigeria's immense wealth in water resources, the country faces a significant water crisis that is exceptionally difficult to resolve, particularly considering the associated public health and security challenges. This review aims to expound on the complex determinants and the outcomes of the water shortage in Nigeria focusing more on its effects on the general livelihood and stability of Nigerians. Using a systematic approach, this paper reviews water scarcity, the causes of pollution– including urban activities, agrochemical run-offs, and mismanagement – and their negative impacts on health and the environment in Nigeria. A total of 305 studies relating to water pollution and crisis in Nigeria were examined in this study. One more point of the evaluation is that the review outlines the existing barriers preventing the all-inclusive availability of clean water, for example, the lack of appropriate infrastructure and inefficient resource management. The review emphasizes improving water treatment facilities, advancing water management strategies that are sustainable, and tightening certain laws.