Cleaner Water最新文献

Functional and structural in silico characterization of endolysins encoded by the novel lytic coliphage ASEC2201 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant 从污水处理厂分离的新型裂解性噬菌体ASEC2201编码的内溶素的功能和结构的硅表征

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100212

Sudhaker Padmesh , Humaira Saeed , Aditi Singh , Manodeep Sen

Background

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in environmental and clinical settings necessitates alternative antibacterial strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are promising enzybiotics due to their rapid bacteriolytic activity, target specificity, and low resistance potential; however, the diversity and functional attributes of endolysins encoded by environmental phage remain underexplored.

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the endolysin system of a novel lytic coliphage, ASEC2201, isolated from a wastewater treatment plant, and to evaluate the structural, evolutionary, and antimicrobial features of its encoded endolysins using in silico approaches.

Methodology

Three putative endolysin genes identified from the annotated ASEC2201 genome were analysed using sequence similarity searches, conserved domain identification, and phylogenetic reconstruction. Physicochemical properties, promoter elements, secondary and tertiary structures, catalytic residues, and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) propensity were predicted using established bioinformatic tools.

Results

All three endolysins belonged to the lysozyme-like R21 superfamily but displayed significant sequence and evolutionary divergence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one endolysin clustered with classical phage lysozymes, while the other two formed a distinct R21-type subclade, indicating functional diversification. Structural modelling confirmed stable, catalytically competent folds with conserved active-site residues. Importantly, all three contained intrinsic AMP-like regions, suggesting a dual antibacterial mechanism involving enzymatic peptidoglycan degradation and membrane-interacting activity.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that phage ASEC2201 encodes a diversified endolysin arsenal with strong predicted stability and antimicrobial potential. These endolysins represent promising candidates for the development of next-generation therapeutics targeting MDR E. coli, providing a robust computational foundation for future experimental validation.

背景：随着环境和临床环境中耐多药大肠杆菌（MDR）的日益流行，需要在常规抗生素之外采用其他抗菌策略。噬菌体衍生的内溶素因其快速的溶菌活性、靶向特异性和低耐药潜力而成为有前途的酶；然而，环境噬菌体编码的内溶素的多样性和功能属性仍未得到充分的研究。本研究旨在表征从污水处理厂分离的新型裂解性噬菌体ASEC2201的内溶素系统，并利用计算机方法评估其编码的内溶素的结构、进化和抗菌特性。方法采用序列相似性搜索、保守结构域鉴定和系统发育重建等方法，对从ASEC2201基因组中鉴定出的3个推测的内溶素基因进行分析。利用已建立的生物信息学工具预测了其理化性质、启动子元件、二级和三级结构、催化残基和抗菌肽（AMP）倾向。结果3种内溶酶均属于类溶菌酶R21超家族，但具有明显的序列和进化差异。系统发育分析显示，一种内溶素与经典的噬菌体溶菌酶聚集在一起，而另外两种形成了不同的r21型亚支，表明功能多样化。结构模型证实了具有保守活性位点残基的稳定、催化能力强的褶皱。重要的是，这三种细菌都含有内在的amp样区域，表明其具有双重抗菌机制，涉及酶促肽聚糖降解和膜相互作用活性。结论噬菌体ASEC2201编码多种内溶素库，具有较强的稳定性和抗菌潜力。这些内溶素代表了开发针对耐多药大肠杆菌的下一代治疗药物的有希望的候选者，为未来的实验验证提供了强大的计算基础。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial modeling of water consumption on construction sites 建筑工地用水空间模型

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100209

Gabriela da Silva Inácio , Elisa Henning , Andreza Kalbusch

Understanding aspects related to water consumption on construction sites is essential for directing actions aimed at water conservation in the urban environment. This study aims to analyze the variables that impact water use on construction sites in Joinville and how these variables manifest in a spatial analysis. Data from 63 construction sites are analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational (Spearman correlation), and spatial (Moran Index and geographically weighted regression - GWR) techniques. The total water consumption of the sample ranged from 143 m³ to 6865 m³ and showed a positive correlation with the built area, number of floors, number of apartments, and construction time. GWR revealed that the relationship between water consumption and independent variables varied according to location, which the linear regression model did not capture. The research suggests that considering local factors is crucial for the efficient management of water consumption on construction sites since GWR indicated that variables affect consumption differently in each region.

了解与建筑工地用水有关的方面对于指导城市环境中的节水行动至关重要。本研究旨在分析影响Joinville建筑工地用水的变量以及这些变量如何在空间分析中表现出来。使用描述性统计、相关性（Spearman相关性）和空间（Moran指数和地理加权回归）技术对63个建筑工地的数据进行了分析。样本总用水量范围为143 m³ ~ 6865 m³ ，与建筑面积、楼层数、户数、施工时间呈正相关。GWR表明，用水量与自变量之间的关系因地而异，这是线性回归模型无法捕捉的。研究表明，考虑当地因素对于有效管理建筑工地用水量至关重要，因为GWR表明变量对每个地区用水量的影响是不同的。

引用次数: 0

Design, implementation, and challenges of floating treatment wetlands for wastewater treatment: A review 浮式处理湿地用于污水处理的设计、实施和挑战：综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100208

Jayanta Kumar Gogoi , Vrinda K. Kumar , K. Nirmal Das , M. Devasena , Praveena Gangadharan

Rapid population growth has significantly increased the demand for water and land and has contributed to surface water pollution and global warming. These issues can be addressed collectively through floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), which treat water bodies such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and stormwater systems without occupying land space. Constructed floating wetlands are a type of surface-flow wetland that generally consists of a floating platform supporting plants, with roots extending into the water. They are designed to treat various wastewaters like stormwater, sewage effluent, eutrophic lakes, streams, industrial wastewater, and tertiary wastewater from agri-food sources. The long fibrous roots either treat wastewater directly or indirectly by promoting microbial biofilm growth in the rhizosphere. With design improvements, FTWs have the potential to enhance water treatment, increase resilience to climate change, provide community benefits, and support biodiversity. Various software and analytical approaches can be used to design and predict the system's optimal treatment efficiency. The integration of technologies such as biofilm carriers, microbial fuel cells, and microbial consortia into FTWs is an emerging area of research. While FTW can reduce pollutant levels, it faces several challenges, including longer setup times, limited or uneven treatment, limited adaptability to seasonal shifts, and scalability and maintenance issues that must be addressed for large-scale use. This review examines FTW's design criteria, modelling tools, treatment mechanisms, obstacles to practical application, emerging innovations, and future innovations.

人口的快速增长大大增加了对水和土地的需求，并造成了地表水污染和全球变暖。这些问题可以通过浮动处理湿地（FTWs）来共同解决，浮动处理湿地在不占用土地空间的情况下处理湖泊、池塘、水库和雨水系统等水体。人工漂浮湿地是一种表流湿地，一般由支撑植物的漂浮平台组成，其根伸入水中。它们被设计用于处理各种废水，如雨水、污水、富营养化湖泊、溪流、工业废水和农业食品来源的三级废水。长纤维根直接或间接地通过促进根际微生物生物膜的生长来处理废水。通过改进设计，FTWs有可能加强水处理，增强对气候变化的适应能力，提供社区效益，并支持生物多样性。可以使用各种软件和分析方法来设计和预测系统的最佳处理效率。将生物膜载体、微生物燃料电池和微生物群落等技术整合到fts中是一个新兴的研究领域。虽然FTW可以降低污染物水平，但它面临着一些挑战，包括设置时间较长，处理有限或不均匀，对季节性变化的适应性有限，以及大规模使用时必须解决的可扩展性和维护问题。本文综述了FTW的设计标准、建模工具、处理机制、实际应用障碍、新兴创新和未来创新。

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引用次数: 0

Intermontane groundwater systems of southern India: Quality assessment and controlling processes 印度南部的山间地下水系统：质量评估和控制过程

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100207

Muthuramalingam Rajendran , Kongeswaran Thangaraj , Prabakaran Kulandaisamy , Sivakumar Karthikeyan , Perumal Velmayil , Venkatramanan Senapathi , Vasanthavigar Murugesan

This study assesses groundwater quality in an intermontane region of the Eastern Ghats, South India, focusing on physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal contamination, and suitability for drinking and irrigation. Groundwater samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), and toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Cr) using standardized laboratory methods. Spatial variability in water quality was mapped using ArcGIS v10.8, and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), and Water Quality Index (WQI) were applied to quantify pollution levels. Results showed that nearly 45 % of samples exceeded safe limits for drinking (WQI > 100), mainly due to elevated EC (up to 4870 µS/cm), TDS (up to 3410 mg/L), TH (up to 1400 mg/L), and toxic metals above permissible standards. Hydrogeochemical analysis indicated that carbonate weathering and ion exchange are the dominant natural processes, but anthropogenic inputs, including agricultural runoff and industrial effluents, significantly increased contamination. Irrigation suitability assessment revealed critical constraints, with EC levels above 3000 µS/cm and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values reaching 10 at several sites, indicating risks of salinization and sodicity. Overall, the study highlights the urgent need for targeted pollution control, stricter environmental regulations, and sustainable groundwater management strategies to protect public health and agricultural productivity in this vulnerable semi-arid highland region.

本研究评估了印度南部东高止山脉的一个山间地区的地下水质量，重点关注物理化学特征、重金属污染以及饮用和灌溉的适宜性。使用标准化的实验室方法分析地下水样品的pH值、电导率（EC）、总溶解固体（TDS）、总硬度（TH）、硫酸盐（SO₄²⁻）和有毒金属（Cd、Pb、Cr）。利用ArcGIS v10.8软件绘制水质空间变异性图，采用重金属污染指数（HPI）、重金属评价指数（HEI）和水质指数（WQI）对污染程度进行量化。结果表明，近45 %的样品超过安全饮用限值（WQI > 100），主要原因是EC（高达4870 µS/cm）， TDS（高达3410 mg/L）， TH（高达1400 mg/L）和有毒金属超过允许标准。水文地球化学分析表明，碳酸盐风化和离子交换是主要的自然过程，但人为输入，包括农业径流和工业废水，显著增加了污染。灌溉适宜性评估显示出关键约束条件，EC水平高于3000 µS/cm，钠吸附比（SAR）在几个地点达到10，表明存在盐碱化和碱化风险。总体而言，该研究强调迫切需要有针对性的污染控制、更严格的环境法规和可持续的地下水管理战略，以保护这一脆弱的半干旱高地地区的公众健康和农业生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastic removal efficiency and polymer characterization in coastal wastewater treatment plants using FTIR spectroscopy 滨海污水处理厂微塑料去除效率及聚合物表征

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100205

Vyoma Jani , Abeeb Oyelere , Basant Bhatt , Jianqiao Song , Kaushik Venkiteshwaran , Alexandra Stenson , Shenghua Wu

Microplastic (MP) pollution in wastewater is a growing concern due to its environmental persistence and ecological toxicity. However, critical data on MPs in the Gulf Coast region of the United States is lacking. This study assessed MP concentrations, polymer types, and removal efficiencies in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with distinct treatment technologies in the Gulf Coast region. Influent and effluent samples were collected from facilities in Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida, and processed using sequential filtration, peroxide digestion, density separation, and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. Results revealed that total MP concentrations ranged from 3472 ± 2012 particles/m³ in influent to 1372 ± 1740 particles/m³ in effluent, with the wide variability reflecting differences among treatment systems and seasonal sampling conditions. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 37 % and Polystyrene (PS) 27 % were the most abundant polymers identified, followed by Polyethylene (PE) 21 % and Polypropylene (PP) 13 %. Polymer-specific removal varied by density and the treatment plant’s removal technology. PET and PS showed high removal (>80 %) at sites with advanced filtration or lagoon-wetland systems, whereas PE and PP exhibited lower removal efficiencies (<60 %). Seasonal trends showed higher loads and weaker removal in winter, while summer had lower loads, with over 90 % removal. This study highlights the influence of polymer type and treatment technology on MP removal and underscores the importance of tailored strategies for MP removal.

废水中的微塑料污染因其环境持久性和生态毒性而日益受到关注。然而，关于美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区国会议员的关键数据是缺乏的。本研究评估了墨西哥湾沿岸地区采用不同处理技术的四个污水处理厂（WWTPs）的MP浓度、聚合物类型和去除效率。从阿拉巴马州、密西西比州和佛罗里达州的设施中收集进水和出水样本，使用顺序过滤、过氧化物消解、密度分离进行处理，并使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）显微镜进行分析。结果表明，总MP浓度范围从进水3472 ± 2012颗粒/m³ 到出水1372 ± 1740颗粒/m³ ，差异很大，反映了处理系统和季节采样条件的差异。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET） 37 %和聚苯乙烯（PS） 27 %是最丰富的聚合物，其次是聚乙烯（PE） 21 %和聚丙烯（PP） 13 %。聚合物特异性去除因密度和处理厂的去除技术而异。在高级过滤或泻湖-湿地系统中，PET和PS的去除率较高（>80 %），而PE和PP的去除率较低（<60 %）。季节性趋势表现为冬季负荷较高，去除率较弱，夏季负荷较低，去除率在90% %以上。本研究强调了聚合物类型和处理技术对MP去除的影响，并强调了定制MP去除策略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Nanotechnological solutions for endocrine disrupting compounds in water: From advanced detection to sustainable remediation – A review 纳米技术解决水中内分泌干扰物：从先进检测到可持续修复综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100206

N.A.P.M. Nishshanka , Thilini Jayasinghe , U.S. Liyanarachchi , W.A.M. Weerasinghe , Harshi Jayasingha , Gayan Amarasooriya

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) pose a significant threat to global water security due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potent biological activity at low concentrations. Conventional water treatment is often ineffective, necessitating advanced remediation strategies. This comprehensive review examines the transformative potential of nanotechnology for EDC mitigation, highlighting its application in detection, adsorption, and degradation. Nano-enabled approaches demonstrate remarkable efficiencies, including > 99.9 % rejection by graphene oxide membranes, > 95 % photocatalytic degradation within 60 min using N-doped TiO₂, and adsorption capacities exceeding 480 mg/g for functionalized metal-organic frameworks. However, challenges regarding nanomaterial environmental fate, economic viability, and scalability remain. The review underscores the need for green synthesis and thorough toxicity assessments. Future directions point to the integration of multi-functional nanocomposites and AI-guided material design as a promising path toward sustainable and intelligent water treatment solutions.

内分泌干扰化合物（EDCs）由于其环境持久性、生物蓄积性和低浓度下的强生物活性，对全球水安全构成了重大威胁。传统的水处理往往是无效的，需要先进的补救策略。这篇综合综述探讨了纳米技术在减缓EDC方面的变革潜力，重点介绍了其在检测、吸附和降解方面的应用。纳米化方法显示出显著的效率，包括氧化石墨烯膜的去除率>； 99.9 %，n掺杂TiO2在60 min内的光催化降解>； 95 %，以及功能化金属有机框架的吸附容量超过480 mg/g。然而，关于纳米材料的环境命运、经济可行性和可扩展性的挑战仍然存在。该综述强调了绿色合成和全面毒性评估的必要性。未来的发展方向是多功能纳米复合材料和人工智能指导材料设计的结合，这是一条通往可持续和智能水处理解决方案的有前途的道路。

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引用次数: 0

Nature-based wastewater treatment technologies: A comprehensive review of constructed wetlands and vermifiltration 基于自然的污水处理技术：人工湿地和渗滤的综合综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100204

Amanpreet Kaur , Sudipti Arora , Ajendra Kumar , Arun Karnwal , Rattandeep Singh

Water scarcity and inefficient wastewater management are critical global challenges. Nature-based solutions (NBS) such as Constructed Wetlands (CWs) and Vermifiltration (VF) have emerged as sustainable, decentralized approaches for wastewater treatment. This systematic review (PRISMA-guided) synthesizes recent evidence on CW and VF performance across multiple wastewater types (domestic, greywater, hospital, dairy, agricultural, and textile). Findings reveal that CWs consistently outperform in nutrient (TP, NH4 +-N) and chemical pollutant removal, while VFs excel in TSS removal, rapid stabilization, and pathogen reduction. Importantly, this review highlights knowledge gaps in large-scale implementation and head-to-head trials. The innovative contribution of this work lies in proposing an integrated hybrid CW-VF framework, wherein VF units provide initial solid and organic load reduction, followed by CWs for nutrient polishing and advanced contaminant removal. This hybrid pathway can optimize land use, enhance efficiency, and improve resilience under varying wastewater profiles. Positioned within the global push for SDG 6 (Clean Water & Sanitation), this review provides both a synthesis of current research and a forward-looking strategy for advancing decentralized, eco-friendly wastewater management.

水资源短缺和废水管理效率低下是重大的全球挑战。基于自然的解决方案（NBS），如人工湿地（CWs）和蠕虫过滤（VF），已经成为可持续的、分散的污水处理方法。本系统综述（prisma引导）综合了多种废水类型（家庭、污水、医院、乳制品、农业和纺织）中连续水和VF性能的最新证据。研究结果表明，CWs在去除营养物质（TP、NH4 +-N）和化学污染物方面一直表现优异，而VFs在去除TSS、快速稳定和减少病原体方面表现优异。重要的是，本综述强调了大规模实施和面对面试验方面的知识差距。这项工作的创新贡献在于提出了一个集成的混合CW-VF框架，其中VF单元提供初始的固体和有机负荷减少，然后是cw用于营养物质抛光和高级污染物去除。这种混合路径可以优化土地利用，提高效率，并改善不同废水剖面下的恢复能力。在全球推动可持续发展目标6（清洁水和卫生设施）的背景下，本综述对当前研究进行了综合，并为推进分散、环保的废水管理提供了前瞻性战略。

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引用次数: 0

GIS-driven insights into seasonal water quality shifts: The Ganga River’s journey through Patna’s urban drains (Bihar, India) 地理信息系统驱动的季节性水质变化洞察：恒河流经巴特那城市排水沟的旅程（印度比哈尔邦）

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100203

Bhawana Raj , Avinash Dass , Umesh Kumar Singh , Rajesh Kumar Ranjan

The Ganga River is not only the lifeline for millions in northern India, providing essential water for agriculture, domestic use, and industry, but also holds immense cultural and ecological significance. However, rapid urbanization and unregulated waste discharge have led to escalating pollution, making it crucial to assess the river’s health and irrigation suitability. The current study intended to assess the impact of different drains on the Ganga River at Patna, India, and to evaluate the suitability of Ganga River water quality for irrigation. GIS-driven methods were employed to spatially map water quality indices and visualize pollution hotspots, providing a comprehensive spatial assessment of water quality variations along the river. Multivariate statistical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson Correlation Matrix (PCM), were used to identify contamination sources, and distinguish between geogenic and anthropogenic influences. A total of 20 samples each were collected during the summer and winter seasons of 2022 and 2023, respectively. The physicochemical parameters were examined, including alkalinity, turbidity, chloride (Cl^-), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), DO, Na⁺, K⁺, PO₄^3-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺. Also, the water quality index (WQI) and irrigation indices such as the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (%Na), and Kelly’s Ratio (KR) were calculated to assess the suitability of river water for agricultural use. This study provides critical scientific insight into the water quality of the Ganga River at Patna, supporting researchers and policymakers in formulating targeted, drain-specific water management strategies for the Patna stretch of the River Ganga.

恒河不仅是印度北部数百万人的生命线，为农业、家庭和工业提供必要的水，而且具有巨大的文化和生态意义。然而，快速的城市化和不受管制的废物排放导致污染加剧，因此评估河流的健康和灌溉适宜性至关重要。目前的研究旨在评估不同排水渠对印度巴特那恒河的影响，并评估恒河水质是否适合灌溉。采用gis驱动的方法对水质指数进行空间映射，并对污染热点进行可视化，提供了沿江水质变化的综合空间评价。多元统计技术，包括主成分分析（PCA）和Pearson相关矩阵（PCM），用于识别污染源，并区分地质和人为影响。在2022年夏季和2023年冬季分别采集了20份样本。考察了理化参数，包括碱度、浊度、氯离子（Cl-）、pH、电导率（EC）、总溶解固形物（TDS）、DO、Na+、K+、PO43-、NO3-、SO42-、Ca2+和Mg2+。通过计算水质指数（WQI）和灌溉指标（如钠吸附比（SAR）、钠百分比（%Na）和凯利比（KR））来评价河流水的农业适宜性。这项研究为恒河巴特那段的水质提供了重要的科学见解，支持研究人员和决策者为恒河巴特那段制定有针对性的、具体的排水管理战略。

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引用次数: 0

Green yet constrained: Reassessing Moringa oleifera's role in drinking water and wastewater treatment 绿色但受限：重新评估辣木在饮用水和废水处理中的作用

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100202

Ahsan Shah , Arun Arjunan , Maryam Batool , Oduoza Chike , Aman Dhir , Abul Arafat , Georgina Manning , Julia Zakharova , Nadir Abbas , Muhammad Taqi Mehran , Rimsha Rubab , Mubashir Husnain

A comparative bibliometric analysis using Web of Science and Scopus reveals a growing research shift from alum to Moringa oleifera (MO) as a green coagulant for decentralised water treatment. The coagulation efficacy of MO is attributed to its high molecular weight cationic seed proteins, rich in amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups, which destabilise colloids via adsorption and charge neutralisation. Extraction in saline medium (0.5–1.5 M NaCl) enhances protein solubility and coagulation, achieving > 90 % turbidity reductions and 1–3 log removal of E. coli and coliforms at doses 50–300 mg L⁻¹ for drinking water and 400–4000 mg L⁻¹ for wastewaters. Optimal coagulation requires rapid mixing (∼130 rpm, 2 min) followed by slow stirring (∼30–40 rpm, 15–40 min) to promote floc growth. Compared to alum, MO generates 3–5 times less sludge, with potential for residue reuse as fertiliser. This review aims to address existing knowledge gaps by consolidating available studies and identifying the conditions under which MO is most effective, as well as the limitations that may hinder its sustainable application. The paper offers a novel synthesis by integrating case studies with sustainability assessments, providing one of the few comprehensive evaluations of MO’s performance across both drinking water and wastewater treatment contexts. Our findings indicate that while MO is a viable, low-cost option for household-scale drinking water treatment, its slower coagulation kinetics (1–2 h) and high dosage requirements restrict its suitability for treating highly contaminated wastewaters. In addition, MO is ineffective at turbidity levels below 10 NTU and exhibits limited removal of organics and heavy metals. Because MO is an organic coagulant, its use may increase BOD, COD, and TOC, and interactions with chlorine can lead to the formation of carcinogenic trihalomethanes. Future research should focus on elucidating toxicological implications, optimising treatment processes, and assessing commercial scalability to support the responsible and sustainable use of MO in water treatment systems.

一项使用Web of Science和Scopus的比较文献计量分析显示，越来越多的研究将明矾作为分散式水处理的绿色混凝剂转向辣木（Moringa oleifera， MO）。MO的凝血效果归功于其高分子量的阳离子种子蛋白，富含氨基、羟基、羧基和酰胺基团，通过吸附和电荷中和使胶体不稳定。在盐水培养基（0.5-1.5 M NaCl）中提取可以提高蛋白质的溶解度和凝固性，在50-300 mg L -⁻¹ 用于饮用水和400-4000 mg L -⁻¹ 用于废水时，可以实现>； 90 %的浊度降低和1-3 log的大肠杆菌和大肠菌群去除。最佳混凝需要快速混合（~ 130 rpm, 2 min），然后缓慢搅拌（~ 30-40 rpm, 15-40 min），以促进絮凝体生长。与明矾相比，氧化莫灰产生的污泥少3-5倍，残渣有可能作为肥料再利用。本检讨的目的是通过整合现有的研究和确定MO最有效的条件，以及可能阻碍其可持续应用的限制，解决现有的知识差距。本文通过将案例研究与可持续性评估相结合，提供了一种新颖的综合方法，为饮用水和废水处理环境下的MO绩效提供了为数不多的综合评估之一。我们的研究结果表明，虽然MO是一种可行的、低成本的家庭饮用水处理选择，但其较慢的混凝动力学（1-2 h）和高剂量要求限制了其处理高污染废水的适用性。此外，MO在浊度低于10 NTU时是无效的，并且对有机物和重金属的去除有限。由于MO是一种有机混凝剂，它的使用可能会增加BOD、COD和TOC，并且与氯的相互作用会导致致癌的三卤甲烷的形成。未来的研究应侧重于阐明毒理学影响、优化处理过程和评估商业可扩展性，以支持水处理系统中MO的负责任和可持续使用。

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引用次数: 0

Geogenic controls on groundwater chemistry and drinking water quality index (DWQI) evaluation in semi-arid Mahendragarh district, Haryana 哈里亚纳邦半干旱Mahendragarh地区地下水化学及饮用水水质指数（DWQI）评价的地质控制因素

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100201

Baru Ram , Naresh Kumar , Vidya Nand Negi , Priyanka Singh , Ankush Sagwal , Ayush Kesharwani

Groundwater quality assessment in semi-arid regions remains understudied despite growing dependence on limited subsurface resources and increasing salinization risks. In Mahendergarh district, Haryana an area along the Aravalli ranges with scarce surface water availability systematic evaluations integrating geochemical analysis and GIS-based spatial modelling are lacking. This study addresses this gap by assessing the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes using the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI). Sixteen physicochemical parameters were analysed, and results revealed that only 3.84 % of samples fell within the excellent category, 50 % good, 30.76 % poor, 11.53 % very poor, and 3.84 % unsuitable for drinking. The deterioration of groundwater quality in poor to unsuitable categories was primarily due to high salinity, posing potential health risks if consumed without treatment. Gibbs plots indicate dominant rock–water interaction with clear evaporative enrichment in high TDS zones. Piper facies mainly fall under mixed Ca–Mg–HCO₃⁻ and Na–Cl types, reflecting complex lithological controls and evaporative concentration. Hydrogeochemical interpretation reveals that silicate weathering, evaporite dissolution, carbonate weathering, fracture zones, and mineralogical influences are the principal processes influencing the groundwater chemistry of the study area. Health-risk implications highlight fluoride toxicity, salinity hazards, and nitrate related risks. This first comprehensive DWQI-based assessment supported by GIS mapping provides critical insights for continuous monitoring and region-specific management strategies to ensure safe and sustainable drinking water supply.

尽管对有限地下资源的依赖日益增加，盐渍化风险日益增加，但半干旱区地下水质量评价研究仍然不足。在哈里亚纳邦沿Aravalli山脉的Mahendergarh地区，缺乏地表水可用性稀缺的系统评估，缺乏将地球化学分析和基于gis的空间建模相结合的系统评估。本研究通过使用饮用水质量指数（DWQI）评估地下水的饮用适宜性来解决这一差距。对16个理化参数进行了分析，结果表明，只有3.84 %的样品属于优等，50 %为良好，30.76 %为差，11.53 %为极差，3.84 %不适合饮用。水质较差或不适宜的地下水水质恶化的主要原因是含盐量高，如果不加处理就饮用，可能对健康构成威胁。Gibbs图显示，在高TDS带，岩石-水相互作用占主导地位，蒸发富集明显。Piper相主要为Ca-Mg-HCO₃⁻和Na-Cl混合型，反映了复杂的岩性控制和蒸发浓度。水文地球化学解释表明，硅酸盐风化、蒸发岩溶蚀、碳酸盐风化、裂缝带和矿物学影响是影响研究区地下水化学的主要过程。健康风险影响强调氟化物毒性、盐度危害和硝酸盐相关风险。这是第一次基于dwqi的综合评估，由GIS制图支持，为持续监测和特定区域管理战略提供了重要见解，以确保安全和可持续的饮用水供应。

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