Cleaner Water最新文献

Microplastic removal efficiency and polymer characterization in coastal wastewater treatment plants using FTIR spectroscopy 滨海污水处理厂微塑料去除效率及聚合物表征

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100205

Vyoma Jani , Abeeb Oyelere , Basant Bhatt , Jianqiao Song , Kaushik Venkiteshwaran , Alexandra Stenson , Shenghua Wu

Microplastic (MP) pollution in wastewater is a growing concern due to its environmental persistence and ecological toxicity. However, critical data on MPs in the Gulf Coast region of the United States is lacking. This study assessed MP concentrations, polymer types, and removal efficiencies in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with distinct treatment technologies in the Gulf Coast region. Influent and effluent samples were collected from facilities in Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida, and processed using sequential filtration, peroxide digestion, density separation, and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. Results revealed that total MP concentrations ranged from 3472 ± 2012 particles/m³ in influent to 1372 ± 1740 particles/m³ in effluent, with the wide variability reflecting differences among treatment systems and seasonal sampling conditions. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 37 % and Polystyrene (PS) 27 % were the most abundant polymers identified, followed by Polyethylene (PE) 21 % and Polypropylene (PP) 13 %. Polymer-specific removal varied by density and the treatment plant’s removal technology. PET and PS showed high removal (>80 %) at sites with advanced filtration or lagoon-wetland systems, whereas PE and PP exhibited lower removal efficiencies (<60 %). Seasonal trends showed higher loads and weaker removal in winter, while summer had lower loads, with over 90 % removal. This study highlights the influence of polymer type and treatment technology on MP removal and underscores the importance of tailored strategies for MP removal.

废水中的微塑料污染因其环境持久性和生态毒性而日益受到关注。然而，关于美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区国会议员的关键数据是缺乏的。本研究评估了墨西哥湾沿岸地区采用不同处理技术的四个污水处理厂（WWTPs）的MP浓度、聚合物类型和去除效率。从阿拉巴马州、密西西比州和佛罗里达州的设施中收集进水和出水样本，使用顺序过滤、过氧化物消解、密度分离进行处理，并使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）显微镜进行分析。结果表明，总MP浓度范围从进水3472 ± 2012颗粒/m³ 到出水1372 ± 1740颗粒/m³ ，差异很大，反映了处理系统和季节采样条件的差异。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET） 37 %和聚苯乙烯（PS） 27 %是最丰富的聚合物，其次是聚乙烯（PE） 21 %和聚丙烯（PP） 13 %。聚合物特异性去除因密度和处理厂的去除技术而异。在高级过滤或泻湖-湿地系统中，PET和PS的去除率较高（>80 %），而PE和PP的去除率较低（<60 %）。季节性趋势表现为冬季负荷较高，去除率较弱，夏季负荷较低，去除率在90% %以上。本研究强调了聚合物类型和处理技术对MP去除的影响，并强调了定制MP去除策略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Nanotechnological solutions for endocrine disrupting compounds in water: From advanced detection to sustainable remediation – A review 纳米技术解决水中内分泌干扰物：从先进检测到可持续修复综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100206

N.A.P.M. Nishshanka , Thilini Jayasinghe , U.S. Liyanarachchi , W.A.M. Weerasinghe , Harshi Jayasingha , Gayan Amarasooriya

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) pose a significant threat to global water security due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potent biological activity at low concentrations. Conventional water treatment is often ineffective, necessitating advanced remediation strategies. This comprehensive review examines the transformative potential of nanotechnology for EDC mitigation, highlighting its application in detection, adsorption, and degradation. Nano-enabled approaches demonstrate remarkable efficiencies, including > 99.9 % rejection by graphene oxide membranes, > 95 % photocatalytic degradation within 60 min using N-doped TiO₂, and adsorption capacities exceeding 480 mg/g for functionalized metal-organic frameworks. However, challenges regarding nanomaterial environmental fate, economic viability, and scalability remain. The review underscores the need for green synthesis and thorough toxicity assessments. Future directions point to the integration of multi-functional nanocomposites and AI-guided material design as a promising path toward sustainable and intelligent water treatment solutions.

内分泌干扰化合物（EDCs）由于其环境持久性、生物蓄积性和低浓度下的强生物活性，对全球水安全构成了重大威胁。传统的水处理往往是无效的，需要先进的补救策略。这篇综合综述探讨了纳米技术在减缓EDC方面的变革潜力，重点介绍了其在检测、吸附和降解方面的应用。纳米化方法显示出显著的效率，包括氧化石墨烯膜的去除率>； 99.9 %，n掺杂TiO2在60 min内的光催化降解>； 95 %，以及功能化金属有机框架的吸附容量超过480 mg/g。然而，关于纳米材料的环境命运、经济可行性和可扩展性的挑战仍然存在。该综述强调了绿色合成和全面毒性评估的必要性。未来的发展方向是多功能纳米复合材料和人工智能指导材料设计的结合，这是一条通往可持续和智能水处理解决方案的有前途的道路。

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引用次数: 0

Nature-based wastewater treatment technologies: A comprehensive review of constructed wetlands and vermifiltration 基于自然的污水处理技术：人工湿地和渗滤的综合综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100204

Amanpreet Kaur , Sudipti Arora , Ajendra Kumar , Arun Karnwal , Rattandeep Singh

Water scarcity and inefficient wastewater management are critical global challenges. Nature-based solutions (NBS) such as Constructed Wetlands (CWs) and Vermifiltration (VF) have emerged as sustainable, decentralized approaches for wastewater treatment. This systematic review (PRISMA-guided) synthesizes recent evidence on CW and VF performance across multiple wastewater types (domestic, greywater, hospital, dairy, agricultural, and textile). Findings reveal that CWs consistently outperform in nutrient (TP, NH4 +-N) and chemical pollutant removal, while VFs excel in TSS removal, rapid stabilization, and pathogen reduction. Importantly, this review highlights knowledge gaps in large-scale implementation and head-to-head trials. The innovative contribution of this work lies in proposing an integrated hybrid CW-VF framework, wherein VF units provide initial solid and organic load reduction, followed by CWs for nutrient polishing and advanced contaminant removal. This hybrid pathway can optimize land use, enhance efficiency, and improve resilience under varying wastewater profiles. Positioned within the global push for SDG 6 (Clean Water & Sanitation), this review provides both a synthesis of current research and a forward-looking strategy for advancing decentralized, eco-friendly wastewater management.

水资源短缺和废水管理效率低下是重大的全球挑战。基于自然的解决方案（NBS），如人工湿地（CWs）和蠕虫过滤（VF），已经成为可持续的、分散的污水处理方法。本系统综述（prisma引导）综合了多种废水类型（家庭、污水、医院、乳制品、农业和纺织）中连续水和VF性能的最新证据。研究结果表明，CWs在去除营养物质（TP、NH4 +-N）和化学污染物方面一直表现优异，而VFs在去除TSS、快速稳定和减少病原体方面表现优异。重要的是，本综述强调了大规模实施和面对面试验方面的知识差距。这项工作的创新贡献在于提出了一个集成的混合CW-VF框架，其中VF单元提供初始的固体和有机负荷减少，然后是cw用于营养物质抛光和高级污染物去除。这种混合路径可以优化土地利用，提高效率，并改善不同废水剖面下的恢复能力。在全球推动可持续发展目标6（清洁水和卫生设施）的背景下，本综述对当前研究进行了综合，并为推进分散、环保的废水管理提供了前瞻性战略。

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引用次数: 0

GIS-driven insights into seasonal water quality shifts: The Ganga River’s journey through Patna’s urban drains (Bihar, India) 地理信息系统驱动的季节性水质变化洞察：恒河流经巴特那城市排水沟的旅程（印度比哈尔邦）

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100203

Bhawana Raj , Avinash Dass , Umesh Kumar Singh , Rajesh Kumar Ranjan

The Ganga River is not only the lifeline for millions in northern India, providing essential water for agriculture, domestic use, and industry, but also holds immense cultural and ecological significance. However, rapid urbanization and unregulated waste discharge have led to escalating pollution, making it crucial to assess the river’s health and irrigation suitability. The current study intended to assess the impact of different drains on the Ganga River at Patna, India, and to evaluate the suitability of Ganga River water quality for irrigation. GIS-driven methods were employed to spatially map water quality indices and visualize pollution hotspots, providing a comprehensive spatial assessment of water quality variations along the river. Multivariate statistical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson Correlation Matrix (PCM), were used to identify contamination sources, and distinguish between geogenic and anthropogenic influences. A total of 20 samples each were collected during the summer and winter seasons of 2022 and 2023, respectively. The physicochemical parameters were examined, including alkalinity, turbidity, chloride (Cl^-), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), DO, Na⁺, K⁺, PO₄^3-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺. Also, the water quality index (WQI) and irrigation indices such as the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (%Na), and Kelly’s Ratio (KR) were calculated to assess the suitability of river water for agricultural use. This study provides critical scientific insight into the water quality of the Ganga River at Patna, supporting researchers and policymakers in formulating targeted, drain-specific water management strategies for the Patna stretch of the River Ganga.

恒河不仅是印度北部数百万人的生命线，为农业、家庭和工业提供必要的水，而且具有巨大的文化和生态意义。然而，快速的城市化和不受管制的废物排放导致污染加剧，因此评估河流的健康和灌溉适宜性至关重要。目前的研究旨在评估不同排水渠对印度巴特那恒河的影响，并评估恒河水质是否适合灌溉。采用gis驱动的方法对水质指数进行空间映射，并对污染热点进行可视化，提供了沿江水质变化的综合空间评价。多元统计技术，包括主成分分析（PCA）和Pearson相关矩阵（PCM），用于识别污染源，并区分地质和人为影响。在2022年夏季和2023年冬季分别采集了20份样本。考察了理化参数，包括碱度、浊度、氯离子（Cl-）、pH、电导率（EC）、总溶解固形物（TDS）、DO、Na+、K+、PO43-、NO3-、SO42-、Ca2+和Mg2+。通过计算水质指数（WQI）和灌溉指标（如钠吸附比（SAR）、钠百分比（%Na）和凯利比（KR））来评价河流水的农业适宜性。这项研究为恒河巴特那段的水质提供了重要的科学见解，支持研究人员和决策者为恒河巴特那段制定有针对性的、具体的排水管理战略。

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引用次数: 0

Green yet constrained: Reassessing Moringa oleifera's role in drinking water and wastewater treatment 绿色但受限：重新评估辣木在饮用水和废水处理中的作用

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100202

Ahsan Shah , Arun Arjunan , Maryam Batool , Oduoza Chike , Aman Dhir , Abul Arafat , Georgina Manning , Julia Zakharova , Nadir Abbas , Muhammad Taqi Mehran , Rimsha Rubab , Mubashir Husnain

A comparative bibliometric analysis using Web of Science and Scopus reveals a growing research shift from alum to Moringa oleifera (MO) as a green coagulant for decentralised water treatment. The coagulation efficacy of MO is attributed to its high molecular weight cationic seed proteins, rich in amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups, which destabilise colloids via adsorption and charge neutralisation. Extraction in saline medium (0.5–1.5 M NaCl) enhances protein solubility and coagulation, achieving > 90 % turbidity reductions and 1–3 log removal of E. coli and coliforms at doses 50–300 mg L⁻¹ for drinking water and 400–4000 mg L⁻¹ for wastewaters. Optimal coagulation requires rapid mixing (∼130 rpm, 2 min) followed by slow stirring (∼30–40 rpm, 15–40 min) to promote floc growth. Compared to alum, MO generates 3–5 times less sludge, with potential for residue reuse as fertiliser. This review aims to address existing knowledge gaps by consolidating available studies and identifying the conditions under which MO is most effective, as well as the limitations that may hinder its sustainable application. The paper offers a novel synthesis by integrating case studies with sustainability assessments, providing one of the few comprehensive evaluations of MO’s performance across both drinking water and wastewater treatment contexts. Our findings indicate that while MO is a viable, low-cost option for household-scale drinking water treatment, its slower coagulation kinetics (1–2 h) and high dosage requirements restrict its suitability for treating highly contaminated wastewaters. In addition, MO is ineffective at turbidity levels below 10 NTU and exhibits limited removal of organics and heavy metals. Because MO is an organic coagulant, its use may increase BOD, COD, and TOC, and interactions with chlorine can lead to the formation of carcinogenic trihalomethanes. Future research should focus on elucidating toxicological implications, optimising treatment processes, and assessing commercial scalability to support the responsible and sustainable use of MO in water treatment systems.

一项使用Web of Science和Scopus的比较文献计量分析显示，越来越多的研究将明矾作为分散式水处理的绿色混凝剂转向辣木（Moringa oleifera， MO）。MO的凝血效果归功于其高分子量的阳离子种子蛋白，富含氨基、羟基、羧基和酰胺基团，通过吸附和电荷中和使胶体不稳定。在盐水培养基（0.5-1.5 M NaCl）中提取可以提高蛋白质的溶解度和凝固性，在50-300 mg L -⁻¹ 用于饮用水和400-4000 mg L -⁻¹ 用于废水时，可以实现>； 90 %的浊度降低和1-3 log的大肠杆菌和大肠菌群去除。最佳混凝需要快速混合（~ 130 rpm, 2 min），然后缓慢搅拌（~ 30-40 rpm, 15-40 min），以促进絮凝体生长。与明矾相比，氧化莫灰产生的污泥少3-5倍，残渣有可能作为肥料再利用。本检讨的目的是通过整合现有的研究和确定MO最有效的条件，以及可能阻碍其可持续应用的限制，解决现有的知识差距。本文通过将案例研究与可持续性评估相结合，提供了一种新颖的综合方法，为饮用水和废水处理环境下的MO绩效提供了为数不多的综合评估之一。我们的研究结果表明，虽然MO是一种可行的、低成本的家庭饮用水处理选择，但其较慢的混凝动力学（1-2 h）和高剂量要求限制了其处理高污染废水的适用性。此外，MO在浊度低于10 NTU时是无效的，并且对有机物和重金属的去除有限。由于MO是一种有机混凝剂，它的使用可能会增加BOD、COD和TOC，并且与氯的相互作用会导致致癌的三卤甲烷的形成。未来的研究应侧重于阐明毒理学影响、优化处理过程和评估商业可扩展性，以支持水处理系统中MO的负责任和可持续使用。

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引用次数: 0

Geogenic controls on groundwater chemistry and drinking water quality index (DWQI) evaluation in semi-arid Mahendragarh district, Haryana 哈里亚纳邦半干旱Mahendragarh地区地下水化学及饮用水水质指数（DWQI）评价的地质控制因素

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100201

Baru Ram , Naresh Kumar , Vidya Nand Negi , Priyanka Singh , Ankush Sagwal , Ayush Kesharwani

Groundwater quality assessment in semi-arid regions remains understudied despite growing dependence on limited subsurface resources and increasing salinization risks. In Mahendergarh district, Haryana an area along the Aravalli ranges with scarce surface water availability systematic evaluations integrating geochemical analysis and GIS-based spatial modelling are lacking. This study addresses this gap by assessing the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes using the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI). Sixteen physicochemical parameters were analysed, and results revealed that only 3.84 % of samples fell within the excellent category, 50 % good, 30.76 % poor, 11.53 % very poor, and 3.84 % unsuitable for drinking. The deterioration of groundwater quality in poor to unsuitable categories was primarily due to high salinity, posing potential health risks if consumed without treatment. Gibbs plots indicate dominant rock–water interaction with clear evaporative enrichment in high TDS zones. Piper facies mainly fall under mixed Ca–Mg–HCO₃⁻ and Na–Cl types, reflecting complex lithological controls and evaporative concentration. Hydrogeochemical interpretation reveals that silicate weathering, evaporite dissolution, carbonate weathering, fracture zones, and mineralogical influences are the principal processes influencing the groundwater chemistry of the study area. Health-risk implications highlight fluoride toxicity, salinity hazards, and nitrate related risks. This first comprehensive DWQI-based assessment supported by GIS mapping provides critical insights for continuous monitoring and region-specific management strategies to ensure safe and sustainable drinking water supply.

尽管对有限地下资源的依赖日益增加，盐渍化风险日益增加，但半干旱区地下水质量评价研究仍然不足。在哈里亚纳邦沿Aravalli山脉的Mahendergarh地区，缺乏地表水可用性稀缺的系统评估，缺乏将地球化学分析和基于gis的空间建模相结合的系统评估。本研究通过使用饮用水质量指数（DWQI）评估地下水的饮用适宜性来解决这一差距。对16个理化参数进行了分析，结果表明，只有3.84 %的样品属于优等，50 %为良好，30.76 %为差，11.53 %为极差，3.84 %不适合饮用。水质较差或不适宜的地下水水质恶化的主要原因是含盐量高，如果不加处理就饮用，可能对健康构成威胁。Gibbs图显示，在高TDS带，岩石-水相互作用占主导地位，蒸发富集明显。Piper相主要为Ca-Mg-HCO₃⁻和Na-Cl混合型，反映了复杂的岩性控制和蒸发浓度。水文地球化学解释表明，硅酸盐风化、蒸发岩溶蚀、碳酸盐风化、裂缝带和矿物学影响是影响研究区地下水化学的主要过程。健康风险影响强调氟化物毒性、盐度危害和硝酸盐相关风险。这是第一次基于dwqi的综合评估，由GIS制图支持，为持续监测和特定区域管理战略提供了重要见解，以确保安全和可持续的饮用水供应。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of lake surface water dynamics in selected Ethiopian lakes using geospatial techniques 利用地理空间技术评估选定的埃塞俄比亚湖泊的湖泊地表水动态

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100200

Alazer Bergene Bante , Kanenus Fufa Dararo , Tesfaye Dagne Diriba , Natnael Ketema Taddesse , Bayisa Negasa Wolteji , Indale Niguse Dejene

Lake water-level fluctuations, driven by climate change and human activities, threaten freshwater ecosystems globally, particularly in tropical regions. Ethiopia, home to 46 lakes, faces alarming declines in lake surface water area, endangering biodiversity and water security. This study assesses water-level changes in Ethiopian lakes from 1992 to 2022 using Landsat imagery and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on Google Earth Engine. A NDWI 0.3-threshold classified water features, revealing severe declines in seven lakes: Lake Haramaya experienced a 46.1 % reduction in surface water area, Abijata (59.7 %), Chelekleka (73.4 %), Ziway (12.2 %), Shalla (2.6 %), Chamo (11.5 %), and Tana (8.5 %). Geospatial analysis highlights unsustainable water use and climate impacts as key drivers. Urgent conservation measures, including improved resource management and policy interventions, are recommended to mitigate further degradation. This research underscores the vulnerability of Ethiopian lakes and demonstrates the utility of remote sensing for monitoring hydrological changes in data-scarce regions.

气候变化和人类活动造成的湖泊水位波动威胁着全球的淡水生态系统，特别是在热带地区。拥有46个湖泊的埃塞俄比亚，面临着湖泊表水面积惊人的下降，危及生物多样性和水安全。本研究利用陆地卫星图像和谷歌Earth Engine上的归一化差水指数（NDWI）评估了1992年至2022年埃塞俄比亚湖泊的水位变化。NDWI 0.3阈值对水体特征进行了分类，揭示了七个湖泊的严重下降：哈拉玛亚湖的地表水面积减少了46.1% %,Abijata(59.7% %),Chelekleka(73.4 %),Ziway(12.2 %),Shalla(2.6 %),Chamo（11.5 %）和Tana（8.5 %）。地理空间分析强调，不可持续的水资源利用和气候影响是主要驱动因素。建议采取紧急保护措施，包括改进资源管理和政策干预，以减轻进一步的退化。这项研究强调了埃塞俄比亚湖泊的脆弱性，并证明了遥感在数据稀缺地区监测水文变化的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Arsenic in groundwater: Exploring its origins, human interventions, and sustainable paths forward 地下水中的砷：探讨其来源、人为干预和可持续发展的途径

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100199

Debojyoti Mishra , Kamalesh Sen , Soumya Kundu , Naba Kumar Mondal

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater has emerged as a global environmental concern, posing severe metabolic and health hazards to humans. Its widespread occurrence in aquifers, especially across South and Southeast Asia, highlights the growing threat to safe drinking water. While the contamination largely originates from geogenic sources, anthropogenic influences have increasingly contributed to its persistence in the ‘21st century’, according to the recent insights of literature. Present study presents an integrated overview of the chemical profile, sources, and hydrogeochemical behaviour of arsenic in groundwater. It outlines the mobilization mechanisms and summarizes key quantification techniques applied in groundwater studies. A dedicated section addresses the adverse health impacts of arsenic exposure, including major exposure routes, dermatological effects, and systemic disorders. Regional hydrogeology in India demonstrates that Himalayan River systems transport arsenic-bearing minerals downstream, enriching alluvial aquifers and exacerbating contamination. Prolonged exposure leads to skin lesions, pulmonary diseases, and carcinogenic outcomes, posing a major public health burden. The paper further highlights sustainable mitigation strategies such as adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane-based technologies to curb arsenic toxicity. Attaining arsenic-safe groundwater remains a critical challenge; however, sustainable remediation and management practices are pivotal to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-3 and SDG-6), ensuring clean water and good health for all.

地下水中的砷污染已成为一个全球性的环境问题，对人类的代谢和健康造成严重危害。它在含水层中的广泛存在，特别是在南亚和东南亚，突出了对安全饮用水的日益严重的威胁。根据最近文献的见解，虽然污染主要来自地质来源，但人为影响越来越多地导致其在“21世纪”持续存在。本研究对地下水中砷的化学特征、来源和水文地球化学行为进行了综合综述。概述了地下水的动员机制，总结了地下水研究中应用的关键量化技术。专门的一节论述了砷接触对健康的不利影响，包括主要接触途径、皮肤病影响和全身疾病。印度的区域水文地质表明，喜马拉雅河系统向下游输送含砷矿物，使冲积含水层富集，加剧了污染。长期接触会导致皮肤损伤、肺部疾病和致癌后果，造成重大的公共卫生负担。本文进一步强调了可持续的缓解策略，如吸附、离子交换和基于膜的技术来抑制砷的毒性。获得砷安全的地下水仍然是一项重大挑战；然而，可持续的补救和管理做法对于实现联合国可持续发展目标（可持续发展目标3和6）至关重要，可确保人人享有清洁用水和良好健康。

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引用次数: 0

Overcoming carbamazepine (CBZ) recalcitrance in wastewater: A critical review of membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, limitations, and optimization strategies 克服卡马西平（CBZ）在废水中的顽固性：膜生物反应器（MBR）性能、局限性和优化策略的综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100198

Parnian Mojahednia , Jianfei Chen , Seyed Hesam Aldin Samaei , Jian Pan , Jinkai Xue

Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, is among the most persistent and frequently detected pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters worldwide. Due to its high chemical stability, low sorption affinity, and resistance to biodegradation, CBZ often passes through conventional treatment systems, posing ecological and human health risks. As a result, developing effective treatment strategies capable of removing CBZ from wastewater has become a critical priority, particularly through biological methods. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have gained significant attention as a promising method to remove recalcitrant compounds such as CBZ. This review critically examines the current state of MBR technology for CBZ removal, highlighting the influence of microbial communities, operational parameters, and membrane fouling dynamics on the treatment efficiency. Furthermore, integrated MBR systems, combining MBRs with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption techniques, or biofilms, are evaluated for their potential to overcome the limitations of standalone MBR systems. Although these integrated approaches significantly improve CBZ removal and mitigate fouling, they face operational, economic, and scalability challenges. This review highlights the need for biologically optimized MBR configurations and the strategic enrichment of specialized microbial communities, including bacteria and fungi, capable of CBZ biotransformation. The findings offer a comprehensive perspective on advancing MBR-based technologies toward more efficient, resilient, and sustainable wastewater treatment systems.

卡马西平（CBZ）是一种广泛使用的抗癫痫药物，是世界各地污水处理厂（WWTP）出水和地表水中最持久和最常检测到的药物污染物之一。由于其化学稳定性高、吸附亲和力低、耐生物降解，CBZ经常通过常规处理系统，对生态和人体健康构成风险。因此，开发能够从废水中去除CBZ的有效处理策略已成为一个关键的优先事项，特别是通过生物方法。膜生物反应器（mbr）作为一种很有前途的去除顽固性化合物（如CBZ）的方法受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了MBR技术去除CBZ的现状，重点介绍了微生物群落、操作参数和膜污染动态对处理效率的影响。此外，综合MBR系统，将MBR与高级氧化过程（AOPs）、吸附技术或生物膜相结合，评估其克服独立MBR系统局限性的潜力。尽管这些综合方法显著提高了CBZ的去除效果并减轻了结垢，但它们面临着操作、经济和可扩展性方面的挑战。这篇综述强调了生物优化MBR配置的必要性，以及能够进行CBZ生物转化的特殊微生物群落（包括细菌和真菌）的战略性富集。研究结果为推动基于mbr的技术向更高效、更有弹性和可持续的废水处理系统发展提供了一个全面的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater chemistry and quality of Lower Chalakudy River Basin, India during extreme climatic events: Lessons to understand for evolving future mitigation measures in Western Ghats, India 极端气候事件期间印度下查拉库迪河流域地下水化学和质量：为印度西高止山脉不断发展的未来缓解措施需要了解的经验教训

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100196

R Resmi , A Krishnakumar , Krishnan Anoop Krishnan

This study uses geochemical methods to analyze how extreme precipitation events impact groundwater hydrochemistry and geochemical processes in the shallow aquifer systems of the Lower Chalakudy River Basin (LCRB), southern Western Ghats, India, within the context of climate change. A total of 84 groundwater samples were collected during Pre-Extreme Precipitation Events (PEE), Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), and Post-Extreme Precipitation Events (PoEE). The groundwater is dominated by mixed types rich in Ca^2 + -Mg²⁺-Cl. Geochemical modeling indicates saturation of carbonate minerals and undersaturation of evaporites, suggesting active silicate weathering. Strong positive correlations are observed between TDS with Ca, EC, Mg, K, HCO₃, and Cl in almost all samples, regardless of the extreme events. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three significant principal components, explaining a total variance of 84.02 %, 81.08 %, and 80.66 % for PEE, EPE, and PoEE, respectively. The hydrogeological signatures of the LCRB are influenced by reverse ion exchange and silicate weathering. The Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) shows insignificant pollution; however, spatial interpolation through Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), combined with Semivariogram modeling, of heavy metals reveals human health risk assessment (HHRA), with Hazard Index (HI) values exceeding limits for Non-Carcinogenic Risks (NCR) in both adults and children. The relative abundance of the Carcinogenic Risk (CR) factor for trace elements in the study area follows the order of Cr> Cd> As, in PEE, Cd> Cr> As, in EPE, Cd> As in PoEE. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is crucial for efficient water resource management and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.

本研究利用地球化学方法分析了气候变化背景下印度西高止山脉南部下Chalakudy河流域（LCRB）浅层含水层系统中极端降水事件对地下水水化学和地球化学过程的影响。在极端降水事件前（PEE）、极端降水事件（EPE）和极端降水事件后（PoEE）共采集了84个地下水样本。地下水以富含Ca2 + -Mg2+-Cl的混合型为主。地球化学模拟显示碳酸盐矿物饱和，蒸发岩欠饱和，显示活跃的硅酸盐风化作用。在几乎所有样品中，无论极端事件如何，TDS与Ca、EC、Mg、K、HCO3和Cl之间都存在很强的正相关。主成分分析（PCA）提取了三个显著主成分，PEE、EPE和PoEE的总方差分别为84.02 %、81.08 %和80.66 %。LCRB的水文地质特征受反向离子交换和硅酸盐风化的影响。地下水污染指数（PIG）为不显著污染；然而，通过经验贝叶斯克里格（EBK）结合半变异函数模型的空间插值，重金属的人类健康风险评估（HHRA）显示，成人和儿童的危害指数（HI）值都超过了非致癌风险（NCR）的限值。研究区微量元素致癌风险因子的相对丰度顺序为：PEE中Cr>； Cd>； As， EPE中Cd>； Cr>； As， PoEE中Cd>； As。全面了解这些动态对于有效的水资源管理和应对气候变化的适应战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0