{"title":"Legitimizing sustainability transitions through stakeholder participation: Evaluating the Coal Commission in Germany","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103667","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The German Coal Commission brought together stakeholders from business, unions, environmental groups and the scientific field, local politicians and citizen representatives to reach a consensus on phasing out coal. It also allocated extensive resources to transform coal-producing regions. The results of the process raise two key questions: how was this consensus achieved, and why did it fail to end controversies around the coal phase-out?</p><p>Through interviews with 14 of the 28 Commission members and an analysis of meeting minutes, we investigate the Commission's internal workings, the influence of state and federal governments, and the impact of stakeholders on the decisions made. Our analysis uses the framework of democratic legitimacy, focusing on throughput legitimacy and procedural justice.</p><p>The Commission comprised a diverse range of members, and ultimately reached a consensus that met the government's mandate and agreed significant resources for affected regions, workers and companies. Public and regional actors had limited opportunities to participate in decision-making, however. No mechanisms were in place to counteract the power imbalance between the members, there was a significant gender imbalance, and climate ambitions were low. Overall, the degree of democratic legitimacy in the Commission was only moderate. A lack of inclusiveness, openness, transparency and accountability within the process, and its low discursive quality, created deficits that affected the entire resulting policy.</p><p>To enhance democratic legitimacy and increase ecological ambitions in coal phase-outs, we recommend participatory, collaborative and reflexive decision-making processes. Mining countries should proceed carefully to ensure democratic legitimacy and beneficial outcomes for mining regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy Research & Social Science","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629624002585","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The German Coal Commission brought together stakeholders from business, unions, environmental groups and the scientific field, local politicians and citizen representatives to reach a consensus on phasing out coal. It also allocated extensive resources to transform coal-producing regions. The results of the process raise two key questions: how was this consensus achieved, and why did it fail to end controversies around the coal phase-out?
Through interviews with 14 of the 28 Commission members and an analysis of meeting minutes, we investigate the Commission's internal workings, the influence of state and federal governments, and the impact of stakeholders on the decisions made. Our analysis uses the framework of democratic legitimacy, focusing on throughput legitimacy and procedural justice.
The Commission comprised a diverse range of members, and ultimately reached a consensus that met the government's mandate and agreed significant resources for affected regions, workers and companies. Public and regional actors had limited opportunities to participate in decision-making, however. No mechanisms were in place to counteract the power imbalance between the members, there was a significant gender imbalance, and climate ambitions were low. Overall, the degree of democratic legitimacy in the Commission was only moderate. A lack of inclusiveness, openness, transparency and accountability within the process, and its low discursive quality, created deficits that affected the entire resulting policy.
To enhance democratic legitimacy and increase ecological ambitions in coal phase-outs, we recommend participatory, collaborative and reflexive decision-making processes. Mining countries should proceed carefully to ensure democratic legitimacy and beneficial outcomes for mining regions.
期刊介绍:
Energy Research & Social Science (ERSS) is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes original research and review articles examining the relationship between energy systems and society. ERSS covers a range of topics revolving around the intersection of energy technologies, fuels, and resources on one side and social processes and influences - including communities of energy users, people affected by energy production, social institutions, customs, traditions, behaviors, and policies - on the other. Put another way, ERSS investigates the social system surrounding energy technology and hardware. ERSS is relevant for energy practitioners, researchers interested in the social aspects of energy production or use, and policymakers.
Energy Research & Social Science (ERSS) provides an interdisciplinary forum to discuss how social and technical issues related to energy production and consumption interact. Energy production, distribution, and consumption all have both technical and human components, and the latter involves the human causes and consequences of energy-related activities and processes as well as social structures that shape how people interact with energy systems. Energy analysis, therefore, needs to look beyond the dimensions of technology and economics to include these social and human elements.