Issues in the design of tissue-engineered collagen constructs and some approaches to their solution: A review

I. A. Farion, V. F. Burdukovskii
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Abstract

   This review article analyzes modern literature sources on the design of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs on the basis of soluble forms of collagen, including gelatin.   The choice of soluble forms of collagen as a biopolymer basis for bioinks and this type of constructs is determined by their unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, as well as the presence of adhesive sites (motifs) for binding cells with their subsequent proliferation and organ or tissue maturation. However, the poor mechanical properties of products derived from soluble collagens, rapid biodegradation, tendency to lose the solubility of highly viscous solutions when stored or with pH increase limit their application in tissue engineering. The use of more stable low-viscosity collagen solutions does not enable the creation of dimensionally stable tissue-engineered constructs. It is shown that the introduction of various water-soluble biocompatible polymeric additives into hydrogels on the basis of soluble collagens allows the above-mentioned problems to be solved, as well as providing a means to customize the required characteristics of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs. The additives that improve their characteristics include biopolymers: silk sericin and fibroin, as well as alginates and fibrinogen, which can form cross-links in the presence of Ca2+. This type of crosslinking is shown to further improve the performance of these constructs. All of these biopolymers are commercially available. The article comparatively analyzes approaches to stabilizing the shape, improving the mechanical properties, and adjusting the bioresorption time of 3D printed tissue-engineered constructs during organ or tissue maturation.
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组织工程胶原蛋白结构设计中的问题及其解决方法:综述
这篇综述文章分析了以可溶性胶原蛋白(包括明胶)为基础设计生物墨水和组织工程构建物的现代文献资料。 选择可溶形式的胶原蛋白作为生物水墨和这类构建物的生物聚合物基础,是由其独特的生物相容性、生物可吸收性以及粘合位点(图案)的存在所决定的,粘合位点(图案)可用于结合细胞,促进细胞增殖和器官或组织成熟。然而,可溶性胶原产品的机械性能较差,生物降解速度快,在储存或 pH 值升高时容易失去高粘度溶液的溶解性,这些都限制了它们在组织工程中的应用。使用更稳定的低粘度胶原蛋白溶液无法创建尺寸稳定的组织工程构建物。研究表明,在可溶性胶原的基础上,在水凝胶中引入各种水溶性生物相容性聚合物添加剂,可以解决上述问题,并提供一种定制生物沉淀物和组织工程构建物所需特性的方法。可改善其特性的添加剂包括生物聚合物:丝胶和纤维蛋白,以及藻酸盐和纤维蛋白原,它们在 Ca2+ 的存在下可形成交联。事实证明,这种类型的交联能进一步提高这些构造物的性能。所有这些生物聚合物都可以在市场上买到。文章比较分析了在器官或组织成熟过程中稳定三维打印组织工程构建物的形状、改善其机械性能和调整其生物吸收时间的方法。
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