The stability of oil-in-water emulsions is determined by the physicochemical properties of oil, as well as the composition of emulsified water. The present work aims to study the effect of concentration and temperature on the density and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Classical oil emulsions of the first type were prepared with aqueous CaCl2 solution and oil from the Yarakta field. The ratios of the hydrocarbon component to the aqueous phase were as follows, vol %: 5:92, 10:87, 15:82, 20:77, 25:72, 30:67, and 35:62 with the addition of emulsifier. The density of emulsions was studied using the pycnometer method, with a measurement error of up to ±0.01 kg/m3. The method consists in accurately determining the mass of the test solution and distilled water, which occupy a known volume (50 cm3) in the pycnometer, and using a high-precision analytical scale. The obtained regression equations provide a means to calculate the densities of oil-in-water emulsions within the studied temperature (20–60 °С) and oil concentration (5–35 vol %) ranges. The derived empirical equations can be used in practice. It is shown that with increasing oil concentration and temperature, the density of emulsions decreases. The stabilizing ability of oil-in-water emulsions was evaluated in terms of luminous transmittance: the luminous transmittance value served as a stability criterion of emulsions in water. It was experimentally confirmed that the stabilizing ability of emulsions decreases with increasing temperature. The obtained results can be used in the study of regularities defining the direction and extent of chemical transformations and stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions, as well as in the solution of practical issues related to their destruction.
{"title":"Density and stability of oil-in-water emulsions","authors":"O. I. Matienko, E. G. Filatova, V. A. Chebunin","doi":"10.21285/achb.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.920","url":null,"abstract":" The stability of oil-in-water emulsions is determined by the physicochemical properties of oil, as well as the composition of emulsified water. The present work aims to study the effect of concentration and temperature on the density and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Classical oil emulsions of the first type were prepared with aqueous CaCl2 solution and oil from the Yarakta field. The ratios of the hydrocarbon component to the aqueous phase were as follows, vol %: 5:92, 10:87, 15:82, 20:77, 25:72, 30:67, and 35:62 with the addition of emulsifier. The density of emulsions was studied using the pycnometer method, with a measurement error of up to ±0.01 kg/m3. The method consists in accurately determining the mass of the test solution and distilled water, which occupy a known volume (50 cm3) in the pycnometer, and using a high-precision analytical scale. The obtained regression equations provide a means to calculate the densities of oil-in-water emulsions within the studied temperature (20–60 °С) and oil concentration (5–35 vol %) ranges. The derived empirical equations can be used in practice. It is shown that with increasing oil concentration and temperature, the density of emulsions decreases. The stabilizing ability of oil-in-water emulsions was evaluated in terms of luminous transmittance: the luminous transmittance value served as a stability criterion of emulsions in water. It was experimentally confirmed that the stabilizing ability of emulsions decreases with increasing temperature. The obtained results can be used in the study of regularities defining the direction and extent of chemical transformations and stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions, as well as in the solution of practical issues related to their destruction.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Sukhanova, Yu. A. Prokopchuk, N. Ertiletskaya, A. Boyandin, A. A. Churakov, S. N. Syrtsov
In this study, the characteristics of extruded granules based on biodegradable poly-ε-caprolactone and montmorillonite deposited with allylisothiocyanate and their effect on Globodera rostochiensis RoI were investigated. The prepared granules were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that encapsulation efficiency of allylisothiocyanate in montmorillonite depends on the conditions of complex preparation and ranges from 0.76 to 29.83%, and in poly-ε-caprolactone/montmorillonite/allylisothiocyanate granules after thermal processing it decreases down to 1.06 %. According to the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy it was found that allylisothiocyanate inclusion did not result in formation of new chemical bonds, but significantly affected the temperature of poly-ε-caprolactone degradation that decreased from 537 to 472 °С. In comparison with the thermogram of montmorillonite, the weight loss corresponding to dehydration at 100 °С decreased by 2.9 %, which probably means that part of the intramolecular water was replaced by allylisothiocyanate molecules encapsulated in montmorillonite. In the experiment with two potato varieties infested with nematode cysts it was shown that soil treatment with allylisothiocyanate solutions allows to decrease number of cysts of Globodera rostochiensis RoI compared to positive control (non-treated infested potato) in 1.5–3.0 times depending on the variety. Moreover, in contrast to allylisothiocyanate solutions, poly-ε-caprolactone/montmorillonite/allylisothiocyanate granules are more effective that makes them promising for applications in Globodera rostochiensis RoI control.
本研究探讨了基于可生物降解的聚-ε-己内酯和蒙脱石沉积烯丙基异硫氰酸酯的挤压颗粒的特性及其对 Globodera rostochiensis RoI 的影响。 使用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和扫描电子显微镜对制备的颗粒进行了表征。结果表明，烯丙基异硫氰酸酯在蒙脱石中的封装效率取决于复合物的制备条件，范围在 0.76% 到 29.83% 之间，而在聚-ε-己内酯/蒙脱石/烯丙基异硫氰酸酯颗粒中，热处理后的封装效率降至 1.06%。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明，烯丙基异硫氰酸酯的加入不会形成新的化学键，但会显著影响聚-ε-己内酯的降解温度，降解温度从 537 °С 降到 472 °С。与蒙脱石的热图相比，在 100 °С 时脱水的重量损失减少了 2.9%，这可能意味着分子内的部分水被蒙脱石中包裹的烯丙基异硫氰酸酯分子所取代。用两个受线虫孢囊侵染的马铃薯品种进行的实验表明，与阳性对照（未受侵染的马铃薯）相比，用烯丙基硫氰酸盐溶液处理土壤可使 Globodera rostochiensis RoI 的孢囊数量减少 1.5-3.0 倍，具体取决于品种。此外，与烯丙基异硫氰酸盐溶液相比，聚-ε-己内酯/蒙脱石/烯丙基异硫氰酸盐颗粒剂的效果更好，因此很有希望应用于 Globodera rostochiensis RoI 的防治。
{"title":"Poly-ε-caprolactone-based granules with allylisothiocyanate for controlling of golden cyst potato nematode","authors":"A. A. Sukhanova, Yu. A. Prokopchuk, N. Ertiletskaya, A. Boyandin, A. A. Churakov, S. N. Syrtsov","doi":"10.21285/achb.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.911","url":null,"abstract":" In this study, the characteristics of extruded granules based on biodegradable poly-ε-caprolactone and montmorillonite deposited with allylisothiocyanate and their effect on Globodera rostochiensis RoI were investigated. The prepared granules were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that encapsulation efficiency of allylisothiocyanate in montmorillonite depends on the conditions of complex preparation and ranges from 0.76 to 29.83%, and in poly-ε-caprolactone/montmorillonite/allylisothiocyanate granules after thermal processing it decreases down to 1.06 %. According to the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy it was found that allylisothiocyanate inclusion did not result in formation of new chemical bonds, but significantly affected the temperature of poly-ε-caprolactone degradation that decreased from 537 to 472 °С. In comparison with the thermogram of montmorillonite, the weight loss corresponding to dehydration at 100 °С decreased by 2.9 %, which probably means that part of the intramolecular water was replaced by allylisothiocyanate molecules encapsulated in montmorillonite. In the experiment with two potato varieties infested with nematode cysts it was shown that soil treatment with allylisothiocyanate solutions allows to decrease number of cysts of Globodera rostochiensis RoI compared to positive control (non-treated infested potato) in 1.5–3.0 times depending on the variety. Moreover, in contrast to allylisothiocyanate solutions, poly-ε-caprolactone/montmorillonite/allylisothiocyanate granules are more effective that makes them promising for applications in Globodera rostochiensis RoI control.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review article analyzes modern literature sources on the design of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs on the basis of soluble forms of collagen, including gelatin. The choice of soluble forms of collagen as a biopolymer basis for bioinks and this type of constructs is determined by their unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, as well as the presence of adhesive sites (motifs) for binding cells with their subsequent proliferation and organ or tissue maturation. However, the poor mechanical properties of products derived from soluble collagens, rapid biodegradation, tendency to lose the solubility of highly viscous solutions when stored or with pH increase limit their application in tissue engineering. The use of more stable low-viscosity collagen solutions does not enable the creation of dimensionally stable tissue-engineered constructs. It is shown that the introduction of various water-soluble biocompatible polymeric additives into hydrogels on the basis of soluble collagens allows the above-mentioned problems to be solved, as well as providing a means to customize the required characteristics of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs. The additives that improve their characteristics include biopolymers: silk sericin and fibroin, as well as alginates and fibrinogen, which can form cross-links in the presence of Ca2+. This type of crosslinking is shown to further improve the performance of these constructs. All of these biopolymers are commercially available. The article comparatively analyzes approaches to stabilizing the shape, improving the mechanical properties, and adjusting the bioresorption time of 3D printed tissue-engineered constructs during organ or tissue maturation.
{"title":"Issues in the design of tissue-engineered collagen constructs and some approaches to their solution: A review","authors":"I. A. Farion, V. F. Burdukovskii","doi":"10.21285/achb.918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.918","url":null,"abstract":" This review article analyzes modern literature sources on the design of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs on the basis of soluble forms of collagen, including gelatin. The choice of soluble forms of collagen as a biopolymer basis for bioinks and this type of constructs is determined by their unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, as well as the presence of adhesive sites (motifs) for binding cells with their subsequent proliferation and organ or tissue maturation. However, the poor mechanical properties of products derived from soluble collagens, rapid biodegradation, tendency to lose the solubility of highly viscous solutions when stored or with pH increase limit their application in tissue engineering. The use of more stable low-viscosity collagen solutions does not enable the creation of dimensionally stable tissue-engineered constructs. It is shown that the introduction of various water-soluble biocompatible polymeric additives into hydrogels on the basis of soluble collagens allows the above-mentioned problems to be solved, as well as providing a means to customize the required characteristics of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs. The additives that improve their characteristics include biopolymers: silk sericin and fibroin, as well as alginates and fibrinogen, which can form cross-links in the presence of Ca2+. This type of crosslinking is shown to further improve the performance of these constructs. All of these biopolymers are commercially available. The article comparatively analyzes approaches to stabilizing the shape, improving the mechanical properties, and adjusting the bioresorption time of 3D printed tissue-engineered constructs during organ or tissue maturation.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has become widespread knowledge that many signaling molecules are common to organisms of different groups. This is likely to be valid for such important metabolism regulators as iodothyronines. A number of studies have confirmed the presence of thyroid hormone activity in compounds of plant origin. However, these studies do not explain whether the compounds under consideration are iodine derivatives of thyronine, similar to animal and human thyroid hormones, or whether they are mimetics of thyroid hormones. In this work, we aim to verify the presence of iodothyronine analogs with different degrees of iodization in plant tissues. We also aim to determine iodine concentrations in plant tissue lysates and to compare them with the theoretically calculated values in order to test the assumption about the identity of their structure to human thyroid hormones. It was shown that tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) analogs are simultaneously present in potato tubers and wheat leaves. In potato tubers at dormancy, the concentration of T4 was 118 ± 16 nmol/L (n = 15), while the concentration of T3 in the same samples was 4.01 ± 0.96 nmol/L. T4 and T3 concentrations in wheat leaf lysates were 60.24 ± 79 and 6.76 nmol/L (n = 15), respectively. According to the results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the studied samples contain iodine in the amounts consistent with the assumption about the presence of tetraiodinated tyronine derivatives.
{"title":"Identification of iodothyronines in plant tissues","authors":"M. Garipova, V. Fedyaev, O. I. Datsko","doi":"10.21285/achb.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.917","url":null,"abstract":" It has become widespread knowledge that many signaling molecules are common to organisms of different groups. This is likely to be valid for such important metabolism regulators as iodothyronines. A number of studies have confirmed the presence of thyroid hormone activity in compounds of plant origin. However, these studies do not explain whether the compounds under consideration are iodine derivatives of thyronine, similar to animal and human thyroid hormones, or whether they are mimetics of thyroid hormones. In this work, we aim to verify the presence of iodothyronine analogs with different degrees of iodization in plant tissues. We also aim to determine iodine concentrations in plant tissue lysates and to compare them with the theoretically calculated values in order to test the assumption about the identity of their structure to human thyroid hormones. It was shown that tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) analogs are simultaneously present in potato tubers and wheat leaves. In potato tubers at dormancy, the concentration of T4 was 118 ± 16 nmol/L (n = 15), while the concentration of T3 in the same samples was 4.01 ± 0.96 nmol/L. T4 and T3 concentrations in wheat leaf lysates were 60.24 ± 79 and 6.76 nmol/L (n = 15), respectively. According to the results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the studied samples contain iodine in the amounts consistent with the assumption about the presence of tetraiodinated tyronine derivatives.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. A. Gorbatova, A. Korchagina, Yu. A. Gismatulina, N. Shavyrkina, V. Budaeva
The study set out to investigate the chemical functionalization of bacterial cellulose as an alternative means of satisfying the high demand for nano-sized cellulose nitrates. Using a Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture as a microbial producer, bacterial cellulose having a polymerization degree of 3950 was obtained on a synthetic glucose medium. Nitration was carried out using mixed sulfuric-nitric acids differing in their water content, followed by stabilization of the synthesized bacterial cellulose nitrates. Subject to a varying water content (14, 16 and 20 %) in the nitrating mixture, the obtained bacterial cellulose nitrates exhibited a nitrogen mass content of 8.68–11.56 %, a solubility in alcohol-ether mixture of 16.5–91.0 % and a viscosity of 32–255 mPa×s. The bacterial cellulose nitrate fibers were shown to have a nanoscale nature. Coupled thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses revealed the bacterial cellulose nitrates to have a high chemical purity and energy content. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the high quality of the bacterial cellulose based on the presence of basic functional groups characteristic of conventional cellulose: 3371, 2943, 1633, 1428, 1371, 1163, and 1112 cm-1. According to their infrared spectra, the detected basic functional groups corroborate that the synthesized products are low-substituted cellulose nitrate esters: 1660–1643, 1282-1276, 847–837, 752–749, and 691–690 cm-1. The relationship between the properties of the synthesized bacterial cellulose nitrates and the water mass content in mixed sulfuric-nitric acids is shown to have a complex nature.
{"title":"Properties of cellulose nitrates produced by nitration of bacterial cellulose using mixed sulfuric-nitric acids","authors":"P. A. Gorbatova, A. Korchagina, Yu. A. Gismatulina, N. Shavyrkina, V. Budaeva","doi":"10.21285/achb.915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.915","url":null,"abstract":" The study set out to investigate the chemical functionalization of bacterial cellulose as an alternative means of satisfying the high demand for nano-sized cellulose nitrates. Using a Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture as a microbial producer, bacterial cellulose having a polymerization degree of 3950 was obtained on a synthetic glucose medium. Nitration was carried out using mixed sulfuric-nitric acids differing in their water content, followed by stabilization of the synthesized bacterial cellulose nitrates. Subject to a varying water content (14, 16 and 20 %) in the nitrating mixture, the obtained bacterial cellulose nitrates exhibited a nitrogen mass content of 8.68–11.56 %, a solubility in alcohol-ether mixture of 16.5–91.0 % and a viscosity of 32–255 mPa×s. The bacterial cellulose nitrate fibers were shown to have a nanoscale nature. Coupled thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses revealed the bacterial cellulose nitrates to have a high chemical purity and energy content. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the high quality of the bacterial cellulose based on the presence of basic functional groups characteristic of conventional cellulose: 3371, 2943, 1633, 1428, 1371, 1163, and 1112 cm-1. According to their infrared spectra, the detected basic functional groups corroborate that the synthesized products are low-substituted cellulose nitrate esters: 1660–1643, 1282-1276, 847–837, 752–749, and 691–690 cm-1. The relationship between the properties of the synthesized bacterial cellulose nitrates and the water mass content in mixed sulfuric-nitric acids is shown to have a complex nature.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. V. Kravchenko, M. A. Mulyukin, Yu. Yu. Petrova, L. F. Shepeleva
Processes of heavy metal accumulation in plants are increasingly attracting research attention due to the high toxicity of such substances. The pollutants accumulated in the aerial (green leaves, stems, inflorescences) and underground (roots) mass of plants cause oxidative stress associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. In this work, we investigate the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, lead, chromium, and cadmium) in the aerial mass of plants growing in the Surgut district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra. In total, leaves from 15 plant species widespread in the studied area were collected for elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 6–7 mg/kg of nickel was found in the green mass of reed canary grass and heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), which exceeds significantly the nickel amount in the aerial mass of сouch grass, marsh bedstraw, and broadleaf plantain. The aerial parts of reed canary grass and broadleaf plantain were found to accumulate more than 4 mg/kg of lead, while those of bladder sedge, сouch grass, and marsh bedstraw accumulate about 2–3 mg/kg of chromium. More than 2 mg/kg of cadmium was found in сouch grass. The results obtained were used to compile series of accumulation of elements in the aerial parts of floodplain plant species. The content of the studied heavy metals in the aerial phytomass of all studied plants, except for сouch grass, ranges within standard values, corresponding to their maximum permissible concentrations.
{"title":"Heavy metal accumulation in the phytomass of plants in the Bolshoy Yugan River valley, Surgut District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra","authors":"I. V. Kravchenko, M. A. Mulyukin, Yu. Yu. Petrova, L. F. Shepeleva","doi":"10.21285/achb.916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.916","url":null,"abstract":" Processes of heavy metal accumulation in plants are increasingly attracting research attention due to the high toxicity of such substances. The pollutants accumulated in the aerial (green leaves, stems, inflorescences) and underground (roots) mass of plants cause oxidative stress associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. In this work, we investigate the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, lead, chromium, and cadmium) in the aerial mass of plants growing in the Surgut district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra. In total, leaves from 15 plant species widespread in the studied area were collected for elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 6–7 mg/kg of nickel was found in the green mass of reed canary grass and heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), which exceeds significantly the nickel amount in the aerial mass of сouch grass, marsh bedstraw, and broadleaf plantain. The aerial parts of reed canary grass and broadleaf plantain were found to accumulate more than 4 mg/kg of lead, while those of bladder sedge, сouch grass, and marsh bedstraw accumulate about 2–3 mg/kg of chromium. More than 2 mg/kg of cadmium was found in сouch grass. The results obtained were used to compile series of accumulation of elements in the aerial parts of floodplain plant species. The content of the studied heavy metals in the aerial phytomass of all studied plants, except for сouch grass, ranges within standard values, corresponding to their maximum permissible concentrations.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to comparatively characterize in vitro biofilm formation in bacterial cultures isolated from activated sludge, as well as archival cultures capable of xenobiotics biodegradation: Alcaligenes faecalis 2, Acinetobacter guillouiae 11h, Rhodococcus erythropolis ILBIO, and Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS. An analysis of the 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence identified strains isolated from activated sludge: Paenibacillus odorifer, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus yunnanensis, and Bacillus proteolyticus. The formation of biofilms by microorganisms was studied on LB medium and synthetic culture medium (with sodium acetate as a carbon source). With cell growth on LB medium, an increase in biofilm biomass was observed in Paenibacillus odorifer, Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis 2, and Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS. The cultivation stage duration (72 and 144 h), as well as the additional dosing of substrates, had an effect on the biofilm formation process: by 144 h of cultivation, the biomass values amounted to 0.6–1.3 optical units. An average 63–77% increase in biofilm biomass was noted for Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus odorifer cells as compared to the 72-hour process. At the final stage of cultivation (144 h), the values of exopolysaccharides in the matrix amounted to over 0.02 optical units for Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus odorifer. The metabolic activity of activated sludge bacteria forming the biofilm reached 628–3609 Fl./OD540. Thus, activated sludge microorganisms forming the biofilm were shown to retain viability and metabolic activity during growth under in vitro conditions.
{"title":"Study on the ability of activated sludge bacteria to form biofilms in vitro","authors":"A. A. Khasanova, A. Sirotkin, E. V. Perushkina","doi":"10.21285/achb.912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.912","url":null,"abstract":" The study aims to comparatively characterize in vitro biofilm formation in bacterial cultures isolated from activated sludge, as well as archival cultures capable of xenobiotics biodegradation: Alcaligenes faecalis 2, Acinetobacter guillouiae 11h, Rhodococcus erythropolis ILBIO, and Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS. An analysis of the 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence identified strains isolated from activated sludge: Paenibacillus odorifer, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus yunnanensis, and Bacillus proteolyticus. The formation of biofilms by microorganisms was studied on LB medium and synthetic culture medium (with sodium acetate as a carbon source). With cell growth on LB medium, an increase in biofilm biomass was observed in Paenibacillus odorifer, Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis 2, and Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS. The cultivation stage duration (72 and 144 h), as well as the additional dosing of substrates, had an effect on the biofilm formation process: by 144 h of cultivation, the biomass values amounted to 0.6–1.3 optical units. An average 63–77% increase in biofilm biomass was noted for Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus odorifer cells as compared to the 72-hour process. At the final stage of cultivation (144 h), the values of exopolysaccharides in the matrix amounted to over 0.02 optical units for Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus odorifer. The metabolic activity of activated sludge bacteria forming the biofilm reached 628–3609 Fl./OD540. Thus, activated sludge microorganisms forming the biofilm were shown to retain viability and metabolic activity during growth under in vitro conditions.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. O. Krapivnitckaia, S. Ananicheva, A. Alyeva, A. Vikharev, N. Peskov, A. Denisenko, M. Glyavin, S. Zelentsov, N. Shulaev
Peat reserves are of great interest for various industries (energy, fuel, chemical, etc.). It is common practice to use pyrolysis to process such solid carbon-containing resources with the subsequent yield of fuel and valuable products. One of the environmentally and energetically favorable ways to degrade carbon-containing feedstock that is currently under development is microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Microwave radiation provides volumetric heating of the material, which significantly increases heating uniformity across the volume of the irradiated sample, providing greater efficiency of heat transfer and avoiding local overheating on the reactor surface. In the conducted study, a system was designed for the microwave processing of organic materials. The structural elements of the system are described, and a schematic showing pyrolysis product separation is presented. A prototype of the developed reactor was used to conduct experiments on degrading high-moor sphagnum peat of the Greko-Ushakovskoe deposit under mild pyrolysis conditions induced by microwave radiation. The component composition of reaction products was analyzed via chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with the results of previous experiments using conventional thermal pyrolysis. More advanced processing of peat is performed under the conditions of microwave-assisted mild pyrolysis with a high yield of valuable products due to a more efficient heat transfer, uniform heating of the material, and the optimal reaction rate. The developed technology is shown to produce raw materials for a wide range of high-tech industrial productions. The prospects for the industrial use of the proposed microwave-assisted peat processing technology are discussed, specifically for the production of efficient hydrophobic sorbent.
{"title":"Study of products derived from the microwave-assisted thermal degradation of high-moor peat","authors":"T. O. Krapivnitckaia, S. Ananicheva, A. Alyeva, A. Vikharev, N. Peskov, A. Denisenko, M. Glyavin, S. Zelentsov, N. Shulaev","doi":"10.21285/achb.909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.909","url":null,"abstract":" Peat reserves are of great interest for various industries (energy, fuel, chemical, etc.). It is common practice to use pyrolysis to process such solid carbon-containing resources with the subsequent yield of fuel and valuable products. One of the environmentally and energetically favorable ways to degrade carbon-containing feedstock that is currently under development is microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Microwave radiation provides volumetric heating of the material, which significantly increases heating uniformity across the volume of the irradiated sample, providing greater efficiency of heat transfer and avoiding local overheating on the reactor surface. In the conducted study, a system was designed for the microwave processing of organic materials. The structural elements of the system are described, and a schematic showing pyrolysis product separation is presented. A prototype of the developed reactor was used to conduct experiments on degrading high-moor sphagnum peat of the Greko-Ushakovskoe deposit under mild pyrolysis conditions induced by microwave radiation. The component composition of reaction products was analyzed via chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with the results of previous experiments using conventional thermal pyrolysis. More advanced processing of peat is performed under the conditions of microwave-assisted mild pyrolysis with a high yield of valuable products due to a more efficient heat transfer, uniform heating of the material, and the optimal reaction rate. The developed technology is shown to produce raw materials for a wide range of high-tech industrial productions. The prospects for the industrial use of the proposed microwave-assisted peat processing technology are discussed, specifically for the production of efficient hydrophobic sorbent.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Aslamova, E. Golovkova, E. A. Shneygelberger, A. Aslamov
The unfavorable environmental situation in the town of Usolye-Sibirskoye (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia) determines the relevance of investigating and applying a new lignin-based sulfur-containing sorbent for purification of groundwater from mercury compounds. The sorbent was synthesized on the basis of waste products of epichlorohydrin (1,2,3-trichloropropane), sulfur, and lignin. The IR spectrum of the sorbent under study showed the presence of an S–S bond in the region of 445–465 cm-1. Intensive absorption of Hg2+ ions in the regions of 2800–2950 cm-1 (valence vibrations of C–H bonds in CH and CH2 groups) and 1460 cm-1 (deformation vibrations in CH2 group) was observed. Absorption of Hg2+ ions by lignin fragments was accompanied by a change in the vibration band of S–S bonds, which splits into two bands of higher frequencies than the νS–S band in the original sorbent. The optimum sulfur content, which ensures the maximum sorption activity of the sorbent, was found to be 53.25%. The mercury sorption isotherms at 20 and 60 °C are described by parabolic dependencies with determination coefficients of 98.9 and 98.6 %, respectively. The kinetic curve at 20 °C and 40 °C is approximated by a hyperbola and a cubic polynomial with determination coefficients of 97.9 and 96.2 %, respectively. The reaction order (first order at 20 °C and second order at 40 °C) and the reaction rate constant (0.0876 min-1 at 20 °C and 0.00014 min-1 at 40 °C) were determined. At 20 °C, the sorption rate of Hg2+ was established to be significantly higher and the sorption time to be faster than those at 40 °C. Therefore, mercury sorption by the proposed sorbent should be carried out at 20 °C in order to reduce energy consumption.
俄罗斯伊尔库茨克州乌苏里耶-西伯利亚镇的不利环境状况决定了研究和应用新型木质素基含硫吸附剂净化地下水中汞化合物的重要性。 这种吸附剂是在环氧氯丙烷（1,2,3-三氯丙烷）废品、硫和木质素的基础上合成的。研究中的吸附剂的红外光谱显示，在 445-465 cm-1 区域存在一个 S-S 键。在 2800-2950 cm-1（CH 和 CH2 基团中 C-H 键的价振动）和 1460 cm-1（CH2 基团中的变形振动）区域观察到 Hg2+ 离子的强烈吸收。木质素碎片对 Hg2+ 离子的吸收伴随着 S-S 键振动带的变化，它分成两个频率高于原始吸附剂中 νS-S 波段的波段。研究发现，确保吸附剂具有最大吸附活性的最佳硫含量为 53.25%。汞在 20 °C 和 60 °C 时的吸附等温线呈抛物线关系，确定系数分别为 98.9% 和 98.6%。20 °C 和 40 °C 时的动力学曲线近似于双曲线和三次多项式，确定系数分别为 97.9% 和 96.2%。测定了反应阶次（20 °C 时为一阶，40 °C 时为二阶）和反应速率常数（20 °C 时为 0.0876 min-1 ，40 °C 时为 0.00014 min-1）。与 40 °C 时相比，20 °C 时 Hg2+ 的吸附速率明显更高，吸附时间也更快。因此，拟议的吸附剂应在 20 °C 下进行汞吸附，以降低能耗。
{"title":"Regularities in mercury cation sorption by a lignin-based sulfur-containing sorbent","authors":"V. Aslamova, E. Golovkova, E. A. Shneygelberger, A. Aslamov","doi":"10.21285/achb.923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.923","url":null,"abstract":" The unfavorable environmental situation in the town of Usolye-Sibirskoye (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia) determines the relevance of investigating and applying a new lignin-based sulfur-containing sorbent for purification of groundwater from mercury compounds. The sorbent was synthesized on the basis of waste products of epichlorohydrin (1,2,3-trichloropropane), sulfur, and lignin. The IR spectrum of the sorbent under study showed the presence of an S–S bond in the region of 445–465 cm-1. Intensive absorption of Hg2+ ions in the regions of 2800–2950 cm-1 (valence vibrations of C–H bonds in CH and CH2 groups) and 1460 cm-1 (deformation vibrations in CH2 group) was observed. Absorption of Hg2+ ions by lignin fragments was accompanied by a change in the vibration band of S–S bonds, which splits into two bands of higher frequencies than the νS–S band in the original sorbent. The optimum sulfur content, which ensures the maximum sorption activity of the sorbent, was found to be 53.25%. The mercury sorption isotherms at 20 and 60 °C are described by parabolic dependencies with determination coefficients of 98.9 and 98.6 %, respectively. The kinetic curve at 20 °C and 40 °C is approximated by a hyperbola and a cubic polynomial with determination coefficients of 97.9 and 96.2 %, respectively. The reaction order (first order at 20 °C and second order at 40 °C) and the reaction rate constant (0.0876 min-1 at 20 °C and 0.00014 min-1 at 40 °C) were determined. At 20 °C, the sorption rate of Hg2+ was established to be significantly higher and the sorption time to be faster than those at 40 °C. Therefore, mercury sorption by the proposed sorbent should be carried out at 20 °C in order to reduce energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Tabakaeva, A. Tabakaev, V. E. Silant’ev, S. V. Kapusta
Macroalgae is a unique feedstock capable of producing significant biomass in a fairly short time and synthesizing various chemical compounds, including specific biologically active substances that exhibit different biological activity. The study of antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and other properties of the biologically active substances of brown algae constitutes a relevant problem. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of supercritical extracts of the brown algae Saccharina japonica and Ascophyllum nodosum. The content of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and mannitol was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The metal content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated according to antiradical activity using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl ion binding activity, and Fe+2 chelating activity, as well as the superoxide radical scavenging activity. The studies on the supercritical extracts of brown algae revealed a rather high content of fatty acids and phenolic compounds, with fatty acids most abundantly present in the supercritical extract of Ascophyllum nodosum; phenols, mannitol, and pigments, in the extract of Saccharina japonica. The predominant macroelement in the supercritical extracts of brown algae is potassium, with the maximum content found in the extract of Saccharina japonica. The supercritical extracts of brown algae are safe in terms of the contents of nitrosamines, polychlorinated biphenyls, toxic elements, and radionuclides. The most pronounced antiradical properties were shown by the supercritical extract of Saccharina japonica. The highest hydroxyl ion binding activity was noted in the supercritical extract of Saccharina japonica. In terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity, the maximum activity was exhibited by the extract of Ascophyllum nodosum. The Fe+2 chelating activity was about the same for the supercritical extracts of brown algae, with the maximum activity (38.7 %) observed for the extract of Ascophyllum nodosum.
{"title":"Antioxidant properties of supercritical extracts of brown algae","authors":"O. Tabakaeva, A. Tabakaev, V. E. Silant’ev, S. V. Kapusta","doi":"10.21285/achb.922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.922","url":null,"abstract":" Macroalgae is a unique feedstock capable of producing significant biomass in a fairly short time and synthesizing various chemical compounds, including specific biologically active substances that exhibit different biological activity. The study of antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and other properties of the biologically active substances of brown algae constitutes a relevant problem. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of supercritical extracts of the brown algae Saccharina japonica and Ascophyllum nodosum. The content of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and mannitol was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The metal content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated according to antiradical activity using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl ion binding activity, and Fe+2 chelating activity, as well as the superoxide radical scavenging activity. The studies on the supercritical extracts of brown algae revealed a rather high content of fatty acids and phenolic compounds, with fatty acids most abundantly present in the supercritical extract of Ascophyllum nodosum; phenols, mannitol, and pigments, in the extract of Saccharina japonica. The predominant macroelement in the supercritical extracts of brown algae is potassium, with the maximum content found in the extract of Saccharina japonica. The supercritical extracts of brown algae are safe in terms of the contents of nitrosamines, polychlorinated biphenyls, toxic elements, and radionuclides. The most pronounced antiradical properties were shown by the supercritical extract of Saccharina japonica. The highest hydroxyl ion binding activity was noted in the supercritical extract of Saccharina japonica. In terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity, the maximum activity was exhibited by the extract of Ascophyllum nodosum. The Fe+2 chelating activity was about the same for the supercritical extracts of brown algae, with the maximum activity (38.7 %) observed for the extract of Ascophyllum nodosum.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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