Heavy Metal Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater and Soil in and Around Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru

Abstract

The present study in the Peenya Industrial Area in Bengaluru, India, carried out to assess the level of heavy metal contamination in the industrial area’s soil and groundwater. The study also discusses the potential health risks that inhabitants would suffer from consuming contaminated groundwater. In 116 bore well water samples collected before and throughout the monsoon season, heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, mercury, lead, nickel, and aluminium were examined. Heavy metals concentration (mg/kg) was analysed for 36 soil samples collected in the research area and for heavy metals like chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic and cadmium. In the current study, the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HQ (ing) ) and cancer risk factor (CR) were calculated to assess the potential health risk. The HPI value inside the Peenya industrial area exceeded the critical pollution index value of 100. The hazard index (HQ (ing) ) via oral ingestion was found to be > 1.00 in Cr, Hg and As during both seasons, indicating maximum health impacts in the inhabitants of the study area. Can - cer index values were > 10 -4 in Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the research area, posing cancer risk in people of all ages, from children to adults. Environmental and human health are both put at risk in a polluted region. To assess soil contamination, the following indices were utilized: geoaccumulation (I geo ), single contamination index (PI), and pollution load index (PLI).