Intraosseous xanthoma of the fronto-malar suture: Case report and literature review

Abstract

Intraosseous xanthomas¹ (IOX) are rare benign lesions characterized by the deposition of lipid-laden histiocytes within bone tissue. We present a case of IOX involving the fronto-malar suture in a 71-year-old male patient, which is an unusual location for this lesion. The patient presented with a painless swelling over his left fronto-malar region, which had been progressively enlarging over several months. Clinical examination and imaging studies revealed a well-defined radiolucent lesion involving the fronto-malar suture. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IOX. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course with no evidence of recurrence at the follow-up. The literature review highlighted 47 cases of IOX. The distribution of these lesions in the facial bones is prevalent in the mandible (77 %). Other localizations are rare. This case highlights the importance of considering intraosseous xanthoma in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions involving craniofacial bones.