Advances in fuel oil desulfurization: A comprehensive review of polyoxometalate catalysts

Abstract

Addressing the imperative need for cleaner fuel production worldwide, the reduction of sulfur content in fuel oil has become a paramount concern due to its severe implications for both health and the environment. The removal of refractory sulfur compound is a contemporary challenge in the modern era for petroleum refineries, and oxidation of these rigorous organosulfur compounds is dynamic during deep oxidative desulfurization. In recent years, the utilization of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant has gained prominence as it contains higher active oxygen content. Concurrently, polyoxometalate-based catalysts have garnered significant attention, owing to their distinctive attributes such as exceptional functionalization, stability, surface area, and porosity. This comprehensive review delves into the latest advancements in oxidative desulfurization techniques applied to fuel, focusing on the diverse array of polyoxometalates characterized by varying metal constituents and oxygen atom configurations. Through a systematic exploration of these catalysts, this study provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of fuel desulfurization, highlighting promising avenues for further research and sustainable fuel production.