Reinforcement learning optimal control method for multi chiller HVAC system in an existing office building

Abstract

Given that buildings consume approximately 33% of global energy, and HVAC systems contribute nearly half of a building’s total energy demand, optimizing their efficiency is imperative for sustainable energy use. Many existing buildings operate HVAC systems inefficiently, displaying non-stationary behavior. Current reinforcement learning (RL) training methods rely on historical data, which is often obtained through costly modeling or trial-and-error methods in real buildings. This paper introduces a novel reinforcement learning construction framework designed to improve the robustness and learning speed of RL control while reducing learning costs. The framework is specifically tailored for existing office buildings. Applying this framework to control HVAC systems in real office buildings in Beijing, engineering practice results demonstrate: during the data collection phase, energy efficiency surpasses traditional rule-based control methods from the previous year, achieving significantly improved energy performance (a 17.27% reduction) with minimal comfort sacrifices. The system achieves acceptable robustness, learning speed, and control stability. Reduced ongoing manual supervision leads to savings in optimization labor. Systematic exploration of actions required for RL training lays the foundation for RL algorithm development. Furthermore, by leveraging collected data, a reinforcement learning control algorithm is established, validating the reliability of this approach. This construction framework reduces the prerequisites for historical data and models, providing an acceptable alternative for systems with insufficient data or equipment conditions.