Abstract Porous Titanium (Ti) is a leading material applied in the maritime sector due to its durability, high stability, and resistance to seawater corrosion. In this study, highly porous Ti was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The effects of sintering temperature on the material’s properties were systematically investigated. All samples were sintered under a pressing pressure of 40 MPa for 10 minutes, with sintering temperatures varying from 575 ºC to 675 ºC and a heating rate of 100 ºC /min in a vacuum. The as-sintered samples were characterized for porosity, microstructure, phase composition, elemental distribution, and compressive strength. The results revealed that pore size and porosity gradually decreased as the sintering temperature increased. The sample, sintered at 40 MPa and 575 ºC, demonstrated a high porosity exceeding 60%. The pore size distribution was predominantly within the 50-150 µm range, and the material achieved a compressive strength of approximately 185 MPa. This combination of parameters, along with a uniform, interconnected pore network, provides high mechanical stability, resistance to strong vibrations, and exceptional corrosion resistance. These characteristics make the material a highly promising candidate for filtration applications within Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS). The structure’s ability to withstand high pressure and minimize deformation enhances its efficacy, allowing it to efficiently filter out microorganisms larger than 150 µm, thereby improving the overall performance of ballast water treatment.
{"title":"Effect of sintering temperature on the fabrication of porous titanium by spark plasma sintering for environmental applications","authors":"Hao Van Pham, Tam Thanh Thi Dam, Trang Thuy Thi Nguyen, Viet Huy Nguyen, Thang Duc Nguyen, Vuong Hung Pham, Khanh Quoc Dang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1565/1/012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1565/1/012013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Porous Titanium (Ti) is a leading material applied in the maritime sector due to its durability, high stability, and resistance to seawater corrosion. In this study, highly porous Ti was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The effects of sintering temperature on the material’s properties were systematically investigated. All samples were sintered under a pressing pressure of 40 MPa for 10 minutes, with sintering temperatures varying from 575 ºC to 675 ºC and a heating rate of 100 ºC /min in a vacuum. The as-sintered samples were characterized for porosity, microstructure, phase composition, elemental distribution, and compressive strength. The results revealed that pore size and porosity gradually decreased as the sintering temperature increased. The sample, sintered at 40 MPa and 575 ºC, demonstrated a high porosity exceeding 60%. The pore size distribution was predominantly within the 50-150 µm range, and the material achieved a compressive strength of approximately 185 MPa. This combination of parameters, along with a uniform, interconnected pore network, provides high mechanical stability, resistance to strong vibrations, and exceptional corrosion resistance. These characteristics make the material a highly promising candidate for filtration applications within Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS). The structure’s ability to withstand high pressure and minimize deformation enhances its efficacy, allowing it to efficiently filter out microorganisms larger than 150 µm, thereby improving the overall performance of ballast water treatment.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1565 1","pages":"012013-012013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012009
Jenan M. Al-Kawaz, Fakir magtoof Al-zubaidy, Hana Alharbi
Abstract The current study attempt to identify the healing activities of esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan as well as mixture from curcumin and chitosan on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol in female rats. this study included 30 rats, their average weight ranged between (195.600-198.600 gm) separated into 2 control groups and 4 treated groups each group contained 5 rats. all groups treated for 5 days after last dose from ethanol. After the experiment has been over, the body was weighed before and after the end of the experiment. The therapeutic effects of esomeprazole, chitosan, curcumin and mixture were identified by comparing the volume and pH of gastric juice, ulcer index as well as curative index. The results of the current study showed that percentage change in body weight means decreased significantly in treated group with curcumin compared to the positive control group. While in the case of the esomeprazole, chitosan and mixture there was no significant change compared with the positive control group. In addition, the results indicated a significant decreased in the ulcer index values and volume of gastric juice in esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan and mixture in comparison with the positive control group. By comparing the immunohistochemical investigation of the PGE2 expressions in gastric tissue, the development of gastric ulcers was analyzed.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Investigation of Prostaglandin E2 During the Healing of Experimentally Gastric Ulceration in Rats","authors":"Jenan M. Al-Kawaz, Fakir magtoof Al-zubaidy, Hana Alharbi","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study attempt to identify the healing activities of esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan as well as mixture from curcumin and chitosan on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol in female rats. this study included 30 rats, their average weight ranged between (195.600-198.600 gm) separated into 2 control groups and 4 treated groups each group contained 5 rats. all groups treated for 5 days after last dose from ethanol. After the experiment has been over, the body was weighed before and after the end of the experiment. The therapeutic effects of esomeprazole, chitosan, curcumin and mixture were identified by comparing the volume and pH of gastric juice, ulcer index as well as curative index. The results of the current study showed that percentage change in body weight means decreased significantly in treated group with curcumin compared to the positive control group. While in the case of the esomeprazole, chitosan and mixture there was no significant change compared with the positive control group. In addition, the results indicated a significant decreased in the ulcer index values and volume of gastric juice in esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan and mixture in comparison with the positive control group. By comparing the immunohistochemical investigation of the PGE2 expressions in gastric tissue, the development of gastric ulcers was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1449 1","pages":"012009-012009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012086
H. C. Eaw, I. Y. Loebiantoro, K. P. Jap, E. S. A. Shakur, A. Voon
In light of increasing concerns about environmental issues and a heightened focus on green stocks prompted by global warming and the COVID-19 pandemic, this research study aims to analyse the determinants influencing the investment intentions of working adults in Sarawak, Malaysia, regarding green stocks. This study emphasises comprehending how factors such as attitudes, social influences, affect, and perceived customer effectiveness impact the investment intentions of working adults in green stocks. This research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing hypothesis testing to analyse data obtained from 150 respondents in East Malaysia, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique and responded through a Google Form. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, with a comprehensive assessment of variable validity and reliability through various tests. Six hypotheses were formulated to establish a significant correlation between the dependent variable intention to invest in green stocks and the independent variables’ social factors, attitude, affect, perceived customer effectiveness, and financial literacy. Four independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable when investing in green stocks. Further, perceived customer effectiveness directly impacts investors’ intentions. Thus, financial literacy indirectly influences the intention to invest in green stocks through its mediation with attitude. The findings result in practical implications related to the determinants of green stock investment intention among working-age adults in Sarawak. To begin with, this study contributes to the body of knowledge concerning green investments by investigating the factors influencing the Sarawak residents’ intention to invest in green stocks, utilising the theory of interpersonal behaviour. Previous research has predominantly relied on the theory of reasoned action and the “theory of planned behaviour” to elucidate the factors impacting green investment intention. Therefore, this study’s adoption of the theory of interpersonal behaviour offers a special perspective and potential reference for future researchers. The knowledge gained from this study is pertinent to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, encompassing policymakers, government, professionals, and educators. It offers valuable insights that can shape decision-making and the development of strategic initiatives within green investments.
{"title":"Green stock investment preferences among adult investors in east Malaysia","authors":"H. C. Eaw, I. Y. Loebiantoro, K. P. Jap, E. S. A. Shakur, A. Voon","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In light of increasing concerns about environmental issues and a heightened focus on green stocks prompted by global warming and the COVID-19 pandemic, this research study aims to analyse the determinants influencing the investment intentions of working adults in Sarawak, Malaysia, regarding green stocks. This study emphasises comprehending how factors such as attitudes, social influences, affect, and perceived customer effectiveness impact the investment intentions of working adults in green stocks. This research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing hypothesis testing to analyse data obtained from 150 respondents in East Malaysia, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique and responded through a Google Form. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, with a comprehensive assessment of variable validity and reliability through various tests. Six hypotheses were formulated to establish a significant correlation between the dependent variable intention to invest in green stocks and the independent variables’ social factors, attitude, affect, perceived customer effectiveness, and financial literacy. Four independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable when investing in green stocks. Further, perceived customer effectiveness directly impacts investors’ intentions. Thus, financial literacy indirectly influences the intention to invest in green stocks through its mediation with attitude. The findings result in practical implications related to the determinants of green stock investment intention among working-age adults in Sarawak. To begin with, this study contributes to the body of knowledge concerning green investments by investigating the factors influencing the Sarawak residents’ intention to invest in green stocks, utilising the theory of interpersonal behaviour. Previous research has predominantly relied on the theory of reasoned action and the “theory of planned behaviour” to elucidate the factors impacting green investment intention. Therefore, this study’s adoption of the theory of interpersonal behaviour offers a special perspective and potential reference for future researchers. The knowledge gained from this study is pertinent to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, encompassing policymakers, government, professionals, and educators. It offers valuable insights that can shape decision-making and the development of strategic initiatives within green investments.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"357 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012042
A. A. Agama, B. Sugiarto, Mokhtar, A. Kurniawan, A. S. Auzani, M. A. Wisnugraha, Z. B. Rahatwan, D. Prasetyo
Fuels for vehicles account for a large portion of the world’s total energy demand, which in turn leads to increased carbon emissions. Ethanol and methanol are a fuel with a simple carbon chain and OH- bonds. It has similar properties to gasoline, and ethanol can be made from the fermentation of plant carbohydrates, called bioethanol. The advantage of using bioethanol is that it contributes to carbon neutrality. This paper will investigate the use of three manually blended gasoline ethanol and methanol (GEM) fuels in a spark ignition engine to address cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV), knock potential, and emissions with lean blend conditions. In the experiments conducted, the air-fuel ratio was conditioned lean by utilizing an electronic control unit to adjust the injector spray duration. This experiment provides results that there is a potential for mild knocking on the use of alcohol fuel with lean fuel mixture conditions at engine speed 4000 RPM, while at engine speed 6000 RPM and 8000 RPM the use of GEM tends to be stable, but in the CCV results the increase in COV (coefficient of variation) value using GEM fuel tends to be more sloping, especially with the addition of more methanol. Emission results from the use of GEM produce top emission CO2 value obtained by the E5M15 mixture at λ=1.2 and an engine speed of 8000 RPM, with a value of 13.75% and then peak CO2 emissions at a value of λ = 1.2 whereas in the use of pure gasoline peak CO2 is at a value of λ = 1.1.
{"title":"Evaluating Lean Combustion Cycle Stability and Emissions in Spark Ignition Engines with Gasoline, Ethanol, and Methanol Blends","authors":"A. A. Agama, B. Sugiarto, Mokhtar, A. Kurniawan, A. S. Auzani, M. A. Wisnugraha, Z. B. Rahatwan, D. Prasetyo","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fuels for vehicles account for a large portion of the world’s total energy demand, which in turn leads to increased carbon emissions. Ethanol and methanol are a fuel with a simple carbon chain and OH- bonds. It has similar properties to gasoline, and ethanol can be made from the fermentation of plant carbohydrates, called bioethanol. The advantage of using bioethanol is that it contributes to carbon neutrality. This paper will investigate the use of three manually blended gasoline ethanol and methanol (GEM) fuels in a spark ignition engine to address cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV), knock potential, and emissions with lean blend conditions. In the experiments conducted, the air-fuel ratio was conditioned lean by utilizing an electronic control unit to adjust the injector spray duration. This experiment provides results that there is a potential for mild knocking on the use of alcohol fuel with lean fuel mixture conditions at engine speed 4000 RPM, while at engine speed 6000 RPM and 8000 RPM the use of GEM tends to be stable, but in the CCV results the increase in COV (coefficient of variation) value using GEM fuel tends to be more sloping, especially with the addition of more methanol. Emission results from the use of GEM produce top emission CO2 value obtained by the E5M15 mixture at λ=1.2 and an engine speed of 8000 RPM, with a value of 13.75% and then peak CO2 emissions at a value of λ = 1.2 whereas in the use of pure gasoline peak CO2 is at a value of λ = 1.1.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012084
Ikhlas Ghiat, T. Al-Ansari
Predicting energy consumption in agricultural greenhouses is essential to effectively allocate resources, enhance plant growth, and minimize energy inefficiencies. Various factors affect the energy consumption inside the greenhouse including external climate conditions and internal microclimate. Proper understanding of these factors is crucial for maintaining an ideal growing environment and optimizing energy efficiency. This drives the need to investigate the interaction between these factors and greenhouse energy consumption, encompassing the energy needed for cooling and the supply of water and nutrients. This work aims at developing a dynamic model that predicts the total energy consumption of a closed agricultural greenhouse to improve microclimate control and energy efficiency. The study is conducted within a closed-loop agricultural greenhouse with no natural ventilation. Inside, the air is cooled and continuously circulated without being exchanged with ambient air through a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The data-driven model encompasses external climate parameters such solar radiation, ambient temperature, and relative humidity; along with microclimate parameters such as internal temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration to predict overall energy consumption. The study examines two machine learning models, deep neural networks (DNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), for forecasting energy consumption, and assesses their performance using the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE). Results reveal that the DNN model surpasses the XGBoost model, exhibiting a superior predictive performance with an R2 of 80.9%, RMSE of 171.1 kWh and MAE of 130.3 kWh. This study demonstrates its practicality in assisting with energy consumption analyses and identifying inefficient energy usage patterns within closed agricultural greenhouses.
{"title":"Enhancing efficiency in closed agricultural greenhouses: A data-driven predictive model for energy consumption","authors":"Ikhlas Ghiat, T. Al-Ansari","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Predicting energy consumption in agricultural greenhouses is essential to effectively allocate resources, enhance plant growth, and minimize energy inefficiencies. Various factors affect the energy consumption inside the greenhouse including external climate conditions and internal microclimate. Proper understanding of these factors is crucial for maintaining an ideal growing environment and optimizing energy efficiency. This drives the need to investigate the interaction between these factors and greenhouse energy consumption, encompassing the energy needed for cooling and the supply of water and nutrients. This work aims at developing a dynamic model that predicts the total energy consumption of a closed agricultural greenhouse to improve microclimate control and energy efficiency. The study is conducted within a closed-loop agricultural greenhouse with no natural ventilation. Inside, the air is cooled and continuously circulated without being exchanged with ambient air through a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The data-driven model encompasses external climate parameters such solar radiation, ambient temperature, and relative humidity; along with microclimate parameters such as internal temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration to predict overall energy consumption. The study examines two machine learning models, deep neural networks (DNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), for forecasting energy consumption, and assesses their performance using the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE). Results reveal that the DNN model surpasses the XGBoost model, exhibiting a superior predictive performance with an R2 of 80.9%, RMSE of 171.1 kWh and MAE of 130.3 kWh. This study demonstrates its practicality in assisting with energy consumption analyses and identifying inefficient energy usage patterns within closed agricultural greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"198 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012056
W. Hashim, S. M. Jamaludin, R. M. A. R. Mohamed, S. S. Gunasekaran, R. Thabit, H. Gohel
The noisier a region or city is, the faster the rate of global warming. Noise is not a substance. However, most sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are also sources of noise; for example, busy highways in cities can occasionally see as many as 100 cars per hour. Planting trees to mitigate noise pollution has been identified as one of the most sustainable methods to employ, since plants may function as a buffer and absorb sounds. Several plant species were chosen to assess noise absorption based on parameters such as leaf thickness, breadth, surface area, and length. The initial goal of this study is to estimate the noise absorption on the selected flora native to the Malaysian environment, where the noise was measured using an in-house developed impedance tube to discover the effective acoustic characteristics of leaves. The investigation was then carried on by assessing the data on the correlation coefficient parameter in order to determine the link between noise absorption and leaf features. Because of the freshness and perishability of the materials, measurements were repeated twice. Only 100% and 50% vegetation quantity size were measured for 10 sample species during the initial data collection. According to the findings, half of the leaves’ features were connected with noise absorption. This might be owing to the freshness state, which cannot be maintained for an extended period of time. To acquire a better value, the experiment was repeated within the permissible freshness time. The findings are as predicted, with the maximum noise absorption and features correlation at 100% plant density including twigs. When the vegetation amount is lowered to 50%, this will progressively diminish. The notion is confirmed by the fact that a tube packed with thicker samples absorbs more noise. The correlation study identifies that each leaf has its unique capacity for noise absorption dependent on its properties and freshness level.
{"title":"Analysing type of plants for reducing noise pollution in climate change adaptation","authors":"W. Hashim, S. M. Jamaludin, R. M. A. R. Mohamed, S. S. Gunasekaran, R. Thabit, H. Gohel","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The noisier a region or city is, the faster the rate of global warming. Noise is not a substance. However, most sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are also sources of noise; for example, busy highways in cities can occasionally see as many as 100 cars per hour. Planting trees to mitigate noise pollution has been identified as one of the most sustainable methods to employ, since plants may function as a buffer and absorb sounds. Several plant species were chosen to assess noise absorption based on parameters such as leaf thickness, breadth, surface area, and length. The initial goal of this study is to estimate the noise absorption on the selected flora native to the Malaysian environment, where the noise was measured using an in-house developed impedance tube to discover the effective acoustic characteristics of leaves. The investigation was then carried on by assessing the data on the correlation coefficient parameter in order to determine the link between noise absorption and leaf features. Because of the freshness and perishability of the materials, measurements were repeated twice. Only 100% and 50% vegetation quantity size were measured for 10 sample species during the initial data collection. According to the findings, half of the leaves’ features were connected with noise absorption. This might be owing to the freshness state, which cannot be maintained for an extended period of time. To acquire a better value, the experiment was repeated within the permissible freshness time. The findings are as predicted, with the maximum noise absorption and features correlation at 100% plant density including twigs. When the vegetation amount is lowered to 50%, this will progressively diminish. The notion is confirmed by the fact that a tube packed with thicker samples absorbs more noise. The correlation study identifies that each leaf has its unique capacity for noise absorption dependent on its properties and freshness level.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012062
J. Nizigiyimana, P. Chaiwiwatworakul
Released heat from production process contributes the largest proportion of cooling load in computer hardware manufacturing industry. According to traditional design practice, chiller plant produces chilled water at a temperature of 7°C to treat the entire load from the production process and from the comfort air-conditioning in buildings. However, the heat from the process is solely the sensible component where high-temperature chilled water (e.g., 15°C) can be used for the heat removal, the chillers equipped with low temperature-lift technology thus offer a great opportunity to improve the plant’s cooling performance. Under the critical global warming situation and the need of decarbonizing industry, this paper investigated the energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation potential of the low-lift technology by which the chiller plant of high-temperature chilled water (15°C) is dedicated for the production process cooling, and the traditional chiller plant of the low-temperature chilled water is used to serve the building air-conditioning. The study site was a large factory of computer hardware manufacturing in Thailand. Through detailed energy auditing, the cooling load profile of the production process was established, and it was used to design the low-lift chiller plant. The annual simulation results showed that in our study case the low-lift chiller plant together with variable motor speed control had 31.6% higher cooling performance than the traditional chiller plant. The plant could reduce the energy consumption by 5,550 MWhelec/year. As the CO2 emission of the grid power in Thailand was 0.47 kgCO2/kWh in 2023 and it was expected to reduce to 0.35 kgCO2/kWh in 2050, the CO2 emissions from implementing the low-lift cooling could be reduced by 49,400 TonCO2 over a course of the 20-year project lifetime. The study results encouraged the low-lift cooling technology as a practical energy efficiency measure in computer hardware manufacturing industry. To our knowledge, while past research focused on the low-lift cooling in building air-conditioning, the study was the first potential assessment project of the low-lift cooling as a deep decarbonization technology for the computer hardware manufacturing industry in Thailand.
{"title":"Assessment of energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation of low-lift cooling in computer hardware manufacturing industry: A case study in Thailand","authors":"J. Nizigiyimana, P. Chaiwiwatworakul","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Released heat from production process contributes the largest proportion of cooling load in computer hardware manufacturing industry. According to traditional design practice, chiller plant produces chilled water at a temperature of 7°C to treat the entire load from the production process and from the comfort air-conditioning in buildings. However, the heat from the process is solely the sensible component where high-temperature chilled water (e.g., 15°C) can be used for the heat removal, the chillers equipped with low temperature-lift technology thus offer a great opportunity to improve the plant’s cooling performance. Under the critical global warming situation and the need of decarbonizing industry, this paper investigated the energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation potential of the low-lift technology by which the chiller plant of high-temperature chilled water (15°C) is dedicated for the production process cooling, and the traditional chiller plant of the low-temperature chilled water is used to serve the building air-conditioning. The study site was a large factory of computer hardware manufacturing in Thailand. Through detailed energy auditing, the cooling load profile of the production process was established, and it was used to design the low-lift chiller plant. The annual simulation results showed that in our study case the low-lift chiller plant together with variable motor speed control had 31.6% higher cooling performance than the traditional chiller plant. The plant could reduce the energy consumption by 5,550 MWhelec/year. As the CO2 emission of the grid power in Thailand was 0.47 kgCO2/kWh in 2023 and it was expected to reduce to 0.35 kgCO2/kWh in 2050, the CO2 emissions from implementing the low-lift cooling could be reduced by 49,400 TonCO2 over a course of the 20-year project lifetime. The study results encouraged the low-lift cooling technology as a practical energy efficiency measure in computer hardware manufacturing industry. To our knowledge, while past research focused on the low-lift cooling in building air-conditioning, the study was the first potential assessment project of the low-lift cooling as a deep decarbonization technology for the computer hardware manufacturing industry in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012061
Y H Liu, W. C. Yan, C J Yang, Y Zhang, C. W. He, X Cui, L W Jin
Energy is indispensable in modern life, and solar photovoltaic technology stands out for its substantial advantages. However, the current conversion rate remains suboptimal, ranging from 15% to 20%. Compounding this, a portion of solar energy undergoes conversion into thermal energy, resulting in an elevation of the PV (photovoltaic) module’s temperature and a subsequent reduction in electricity generation efficiency. In response to this challenge, a solution was conceived—a design featuring an evaporative cooling ventilated cavity crafted to alleviate the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. This innovative system integrates a photovoltaic facade with an evaporative cooling ventilation cavity, encompassing crucial components such as solar photovoltaic panels, an evaporative cooling layer, and a ventilated cavity equipped with thermal regulation. An experimental system was meticulously developed. The results illuminate the system’s efficacy in temperature reduction: approximately 5°C for the PV back sheet, 5°C for the cavity back sheet, and 5.2°C inside the cavity. Furthermore, the system achieves a noteworthy average operating temperature reduction of about 14.1%, 20.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. These findings underscore the substantial impact of the evaporative cooling system on regulating and enhancing the thermal performance of PV modules.
{"title":"Thermal performance of the photovoltaic module with evaporative cooling ventilated cavity","authors":"Y H Liu, W. C. Yan, C J Yang, Y Zhang, C. W. He, X Cui, L W Jin","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Energy is indispensable in modern life, and solar photovoltaic technology stands out for its substantial advantages. However, the current conversion rate remains suboptimal, ranging from 15% to 20%. Compounding this, a portion of solar energy undergoes conversion into thermal energy, resulting in an elevation of the PV (photovoltaic) module’s temperature and a subsequent reduction in electricity generation efficiency. In response to this challenge, a solution was conceived—a design featuring an evaporative cooling ventilated cavity crafted to alleviate the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. This innovative system integrates a photovoltaic facade with an evaporative cooling ventilation cavity, encompassing crucial components such as solar photovoltaic panels, an evaporative cooling layer, and a ventilated cavity equipped with thermal regulation. An experimental system was meticulously developed. The results illuminate the system’s efficacy in temperature reduction: approximately 5°C for the PV back sheet, 5°C for the cavity back sheet, and 5.2°C inside the cavity. Furthermore, the system achieves a noteworthy average operating temperature reduction of about 14.1%, 20.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. These findings underscore the substantial impact of the evaporative cooling system on regulating and enhancing the thermal performance of PV modules.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012027
K. Thu, S. Fukuda, S. Krerkkaiwan
This research investigates the influence of torrefaction and catalytic pyrolysis of raw corn waste (RCW) to upgrade the quality of bio-oil. RCW was torrefied at 280°C for 16 mins to produce torrefied corn waste (TCW). Natural basic oxides (CaO and MgO) catalysts were selected because of inexpensive and high catalytic performance. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a bench-scaled bubbling fluidized bed reactor at 500°C. The effects of torrefaction and the presence of a catalyst on the pyrolysis product both yield and composition were investigated. The results from non-catalytic pyrolysis revealed that TCW pyrolysis gave 15 wt.% lower in oil yield, and about 6.8 wt.% lower in gas yield but the char yield was approximately 22 wt.% higher compared to the pyrolysis of RCW. Considering the effect of catalyst, the yield of bio-oil reduced slightly, while the yield of char and gas increased compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis for both RCW and TCW. The bio-oil composition derived from TCW pyrolysis contained more phenolic and aromatic compounds and significantly lower oxygenated compounds when compared to that of RCW pyrolysis. Moreover, with the presence of the catalysts, the bio-oil composition and HHVs of bio-oil was also improved.
{"title":"Bio-oil production from the catalytic pyrolysis of raw and torrefied corn waste by using MgO and CaO catalysts","authors":"K. Thu, S. Fukuda, S. Krerkkaiwan","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research investigates the influence of torrefaction and catalytic pyrolysis of raw corn waste (RCW) to upgrade the quality of bio-oil. RCW was torrefied at 280°C for 16 mins to produce torrefied corn waste (TCW). Natural basic oxides (CaO and MgO) catalysts were selected because of inexpensive and high catalytic performance. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a bench-scaled bubbling fluidized bed reactor at 500°C. The effects of torrefaction and the presence of a catalyst on the pyrolysis product both yield and composition were investigated. The results from non-catalytic pyrolysis revealed that TCW pyrolysis gave 15 wt.% lower in oil yield, and about 6.8 wt.% lower in gas yield but the char yield was approximately 22 wt.% higher compared to the pyrolysis of RCW. Considering the effect of catalyst, the yield of bio-oil reduced slightly, while the yield of char and gas increased compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis for both RCW and TCW. The bio-oil composition derived from TCW pyrolysis contained more phenolic and aromatic compounds and significantly lower oxygenated compounds when compared to that of RCW pyrolysis. Moreover, with the presence of the catalysts, the bio-oil composition and HHVs of bio-oil was also improved.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012064
I. C. Ishak, I. Charles, M. K. Ramli, A. M. Arof, H. S. Salleh, A. S. N. Isha
This study is concerned with the factors that could concern the successful collaboration in preventing oil spills during bunkering operations. This study encompasses individual staff at port and bunkering companies in Sabah, Malaysia. The oil spill incidents from bunkering activities are possible to occur while the ships are moving. The primary causes of bunker activities that could lead to the oil spill are overflow, leak incidents, inadequate planning, and human error. This study aims to validate the factors of successful collaboration toward preventing oil spills during bunkering operations. This study utilized a Delphi questionnaire survey distributed to respondents with working experiences between two years and more than 10 years of working experience. The data has been accumulated from the related departments within the individual staff at Jabatan Pelabuhan dan Dermaga Sabah (JPDS) and Kota Kinabalu Port. This study applied an online Delphi questionnaire survey from the required purposive sampling. The Delphi questionnaire survey assembles information about respondents and the importance of and factors influencing successful collaboration by applying Likert scale point of 5 ranging from not important to extremely important. This study has included 59 respondents from JPDS and related bunkering companies and bunkering operators. The data have been analysed using SPSS analysis tools such as Cronbach alpha and Correlation analysis. The result revealed that the Cronbach alpha value shows a high value of 0.960. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient (r) shows at 0.775. It has shown a positive and strong relationship between the importance of successful collaboration and the factors influencing successful collaboration to prevent oil spills during bunkering. The recommendation of this study could facilitate other port authorities to collaborate or coordinate with other sectors or companies in bunkering operations to gain a successful collaboration in preventing oil spills during bunkering activities. It is also anticipated to contribute to the deficiency of literature on the determination of elements influencing successful collaboration factors in preventing oil spills during bunkering at port.
{"title":"The determination of elements influencing successful collaboration factors in preventing oil spills during bunkering at port","authors":"I. C. Ishak, I. Charles, M. K. Ramli, A. M. Arof, H. S. Salleh, A. S. N. Isha","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study is concerned with the factors that could concern the successful collaboration in preventing oil spills during bunkering operations. This study encompasses individual staff at port and bunkering companies in Sabah, Malaysia. The oil spill incidents from bunkering activities are possible to occur while the ships are moving. The primary causes of bunker activities that could lead to the oil spill are overflow, leak incidents, inadequate planning, and human error. This study aims to validate the factors of successful collaboration toward preventing oil spills during bunkering operations. This study utilized a Delphi questionnaire survey distributed to respondents with working experiences between two years and more than 10 years of working experience. The data has been accumulated from the related departments within the individual staff at Jabatan Pelabuhan dan Dermaga Sabah (JPDS) and Kota Kinabalu Port. This study applied an online Delphi questionnaire survey from the required purposive sampling. The Delphi questionnaire survey assembles information about respondents and the importance of and factors influencing successful collaboration by applying Likert scale point of 5 ranging from not important to extremely important. This study has included 59 respondents from JPDS and related bunkering companies and bunkering operators. The data have been analysed using SPSS analysis tools such as Cronbach alpha and Correlation analysis. The result revealed that the Cronbach alpha value shows a high value of 0.960. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient (r) shows at 0.775. It has shown a positive and strong relationship between the importance of successful collaboration and the factors influencing successful collaboration to prevent oil spills during bunkering. The recommendation of this study could facilitate other port authorities to collaborate or coordinate with other sectors or companies in bunkering operations to gain a successful collaboration in preventing oil spills during bunkering activities. It is also anticipated to contribute to the deficiency of literature on the determination of elements influencing successful collaboration factors in preventing oil spills during bunkering at port.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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