Role of Ayurveda in the management of becker muscular dystrophy: A case study

Abstract

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic disorders that lead to a gradual weakening of muscles, resulting in increased disability over time. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is one such condition and is inherited through an X-linked recessive pattern, primarily affecting males. Symptoms of BMD typically begin in the teenage years or late twenties. Initial signs may include muscle cramps during exercise and reduced stamina. Over time, there is a gradual loss of muscle bulk in the hips, pelvis, thighs, and shoulders, often leading to a tendency to walk on toes. In Ayurveda, the factors contributing to this disease are believed to be an aggravation of Vata (one of the three doshas), depletion of Mamsa (muscle tissue), and Meda (fat tissue), impaired digestive fire, and blockage of functional channels (Srotorodha). The present case involved a 15-year-old male with weakness in both lower limbs for 4 years, a decrease in muscle mass around the pelvic and thigh area for 3 years, and an increase in calf muscle size for 3 years. The patient exhibited pseudohypertrophy in both calf muscles and positive Gower's sign, along with a positive family history and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, leading to a diagnosis of BMD. The treatment approach incorporated Panchakarma therapies and internal Ayurvedic formulations in line with the management of Sarvang Vata disorder. The treatment was administered in four sessions, with a 3-month gap between each therapy session. After a year of treatment, there was not only a halt in the progression of the disease but also a notable improvement in lower limb strength, which increased from 4 to 4+. In addition, there was an increase in proximal muscle mass, from 12.5 inches to 13 inches, and a reduction in calf muscle size and tightness. This promising outcome suggests the potential for managing the disease using Ayurvedic principles and therapies.