Comparative pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine—A literature review

Abstract

Objective

To compare the pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine (LDX).

Methods

A search of Medline and Embase was conducted to identify relevant articles for this literature review.

Results

Dexamphetamine and LDX, a prodrug of dexamphetamine, are indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It has been suggested that LDX may have a reduced potential for oral abuse compared to immediate-release dexamphetamine. As a prodrug, LDX has the same pharmacodynamic properties as dexamphetamine. A study in healthy adults showed that the pharmacokinetic profile of dexamphetamine following oral administration of LDX is essentially identical to that of an equimolar dose of dexamphetamine administered 1 h later. In addition, dexamphetamine produced subjective drug liking effects comparable to those produced by LDX. LDX showed linear dose proportional pharmacokinetics up to a dose of 250 mg, indicating a lack of overdose protection at supratherapeutic doses. Furthermore, the exposure to dexamphetamine released from LDX may be prolonged by the consumption of alkalizing agents.

Conclusions

The available evidence from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and abuse liability studies suggests a comparable potential for oral abuse of dexamphetamine and LDX.