The association between county ordinances allowing off-road vehicles on public roads and crash rates.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Injury Epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI:10.1186/s40621-024-00516-2

Christopher D Monson, J Priyanka Vakkalanka, Gerene M Denning, Nicholas R Stange, Charles A Jennissen

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Abstract

Background: Legislative bodies across the country have increasingly allowed off-road vehicles (ORVs) including all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility task vehicles (UTVs) on public roads, an environment for which they are not designed. In 2004, Iowa gave individual counties the discretion to pass ordinances allowing ORVs on public roadways. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the passage of ORV ordinances and ORV crash rates, especially on public roads.

Methods: An Iowa ORV roadway ordinance database and an Iowa ORV crash database (2002-2018) for all 99 counties were compiled. Crashes for which county location could not be determined were excluded. Utilizing a zero-inflated Poisson model, correcting for background crash frequency trends and population, investigators compared the relative rates of crashes after ordinance passage to time points before ordinance implementation and to counties without such ordinances. Sub-analyses, including that focused on more recent years (2008-2018), were also performed.

Results: Forty-five county ORV roadway ordinances went into effect between 2011 and 2018 and 2,347 crashes (69%) met inclusion criteria. Adjusted for year, there was a 58% greater ORV crash rate in counties after passing an ORV roadway ordinance (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.58, 95% CI 1.32-1.90). Roadway crashes (n = 834) increased 48% after ordinance passage (IRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.94). This roadway crash association remained statistically significant when analysis was limited to the years 2008-2018 (IRR 1.39, CI 1.06-1.83, n = 544); to ATV crashes only (IRR 1.70, CI 1.20-2.40, n = 683); and to ATV crashes excluding counties with UTV-only ordinances (IRR 1.74, CI 1.40-2.15, n = 2,011).

Conclusions: ORV roadway and total crashes increased significantly after implementation of county ordinances allowing ORVs on public roadways and when compared to counties without such ordinances. It is likely that these increased crashes have resulted in more injuries and possibly deaths. Results from this study may help inform policymakers as they consider legislation regarding ORV usage on public roads.

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允许越野车在公共道路上行驶的县级法令与车祸发生率之间的关系。

背景：全国各地的立法机构越来越多地允许越野车 (ORV) 在公共道路上行驶，包括全地形车 (ATV) 和多功能车 (UTV)。2004 年，爱荷华州允许各县酌情通过法令，允许越野车在公共道路上行驶。本研究的目的是评估 ORV 条例的通过与 ORV 碰撞率之间的关系，尤其是在公共道路上：编制了爱荷华州 ORV 道路法规数据库和爱荷华州 ORV 事故数据库（2002-2018 年），涵盖所有 99 个县。无法确定县位置的碰撞事故被排除在外。调查人员利用零膨胀泊松模型，校正了背景碰撞频率趋势和人口，比较了条例通过后与条例实施前的时间点以及未实施此类条例的县的相对碰撞率。此外，还进行了子分析，包括侧重于最近几年（2008-2018 年）的分析：在 2011 年至 2018 年期间，有 45 个县的 ORV 道路条例生效，有 2347 起碰撞事故（69%）符合纳入标准。根据年份进行调整后，通过 ORV 道路条例后的县的 ORV 碰撞率增加了 58%（发生率比 (IRR) 1.58，95% CI 1.32-1.90）。条例通过后，道路碰撞事故（n = 834）增加了 48%（IRR 1.48，95% CI 1.14-1.94）。当分析范围仅限于 2008-2018 年（IRR 1.39，CI 1.06-1.83，n = 544）；仅限于全地形车（ATV）碰撞事故（IRR 1.70，CI 1.20-2.40，n = 683）；以及全地形车碰撞事故（不包括仅颁布了 UTV 法规的县）（IRR 1.74，CI 1.40-2.15，n = 2,011）时，这种道路碰撞事故关联仍具有显著的统计学意义：在实施允许 ORV 在公共道路上行驶的县级法令后，与未实施此类法令的县级相比，ORV 在道路上行驶的碰撞事故和碰撞事故总数明显增加。这些增加的碰撞事故很可能导致了更多的人员伤亡。这项研究的结果可能有助于为政策制定者在考虑有关在公共道路上使用越野车的立法时提供参考。

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来源期刊

Injury Epidemiology Medicine-Medicine (all)

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Injury Epidemiology is dedicated to advancing the scientific foundation for injury prevention and control through timely publication and dissemination of peer-reviewed research. Injury Epidemiology aims to be the premier venue for communicating epidemiologic studies of unintentional and intentional injuries, including, but not limited to, morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle crashes, drug overdose/poisoning, falls, drowning, fires/burns, iatrogenic injury, suicide, homicide, assaults, and abuse. We welcome investigations designed to understand the magnitude, distribution, determinants, causes, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes of injuries in specific population groups, geographic regions, and environmental settings (e.g., home, workplace, transport, recreation, sports, and urban/rural). Injury Epidemiology has a special focus on studies generating objective and practical knowledge that can be translated into interventions to reduce injury morbidity and mortality on a population level. Priority consideration will be given to manuscripts that feature contemporary theories and concepts, innovative methods, and novel techniques as applied to injury surveillance, risk assessment, development and implementation of effective interventions, and program and policy evaluation.