Salinity plays a limited role in determining rates of size evolution in fishes globally across multiple scales

IF 6.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Global Ecology and Biogeography Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI:10.1111/geb.13883

John T. Clarke, Robert B. Davis

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Abstract

Aim

Substantial progress has been made to map biodiversity and its drivers across the planet at multiple scales, yet studies that quantify the evolutionary processes that underpin this biodiversity, and test their drivers at multiple scales, are comparatively rare. Studying most fish species, we quantify rates of body size evolution to test the role of fundamental salinity habitats in shaping rates of evolution at multiple scales. We also determine how four additional factors shape evolutionary rates.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Extant species.

Major Taxa Studied

Actinopterygii.

Methods

In up to 1710 comparisons studying over 27,000 species, we compare rates of body size evolution among five salinity habits using 13 metrics. The comparisons span a molecular tree, 100 supertrees, and 10 scales of observation to test for robust patterns and reveal how patterns change with scale. Then, three approaches assess the role of three non-salinity factors on rates, and an alternative habitat scheme tests if lakes influence evolutionary rates.

Results

Rates of size evolution rarely differ consistently between salinity habitats; rate patterns are highly clade- and scale dependent. One exception is freshwater-brackish fishes, which possess among the highest size rates of any salinity, showing higher rates than euryhaline fishes in most groupings studied at most scales, and versus marine, freshwater and marine–brackish habitats at numerous scales. Additionally, species richness had the greatest potential to predict phenotypic rates, followed by branch duration, then absolute values of body size. Lacustrine environments were consistently associated with high rates of size evolution.

Main Conclusions

We reveal the rate patterns that underpin global body size diversity for fishes, identifying factors that play a limited role in shaping rates of size evolution, such as salinity, and those such as species richness, age and lake environments that consistently shape evolutionary rates across half of vertebrate diversity.

Abstract Image

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盐度在决定全球多种尺度鱼类体型进化速度方面的作用有限

目的在绘制地球上多种尺度的生物多样性及其驱动因素的地图方面已经取得了长足的进步，然而量化支撑这种生物多样性的进化过程并在多种尺度上检验其驱动因素的研究却相对罕见。通过研究大多数鱼类物种，我们量化了体型进化的速率，以检验基本盐度生境在塑造多尺度进化速率中的作用。我们还确定了另外四个影响进化速率的因素。方法在对超过 27,000 个物种进行的多达 1710 项比较中，我们使用 13 个指标对五种盐度习性之间的体型进化速率进行了比较。这些比较跨越了一棵分子树、100棵超分子树和10种观察尺度，以检验是否存在稳健的模式，并揭示模式是如何随尺度变化的。然后，采用三种方法评估了三种非盐度因素对进化率的作用，并采用另一种生境方案检验了湖泊是否影响进化率。结果不同盐度生境之间的体型进化率很少有一致的差异；进化率模式高度依赖于支系和尺度。淡水-沼泽鱼类是一个例外，它们的体型进化率是所有盐度中最高的，在大多数尺度下，淡水-沼泽鱼类的体型进化率高于所研究的大多数鱼类群，在许多尺度下，淡水-沼泽鱼类的体型进化率高于海洋鱼类、淡水鱼类和海洋-沼泽栖息地鱼类。此外，物种丰富度最有可能预测表型率，其次是分支持续时间，然后是体型的绝对值。主要结论我们揭示了支撑全球鱼类体型多样性的速率模式，确定了在影响体型进化速率方面作用有限的因素（如盐度），以及那些始终影响一半脊椎动物多样性进化速率的因素（如物种丰富度、年龄和湖泊环境）。

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来源期刊

Global Ecology and Biogeography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

170

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Global Ecology and Biogeography (GEB) welcomes papers that investigate broad-scale (in space, time and/or taxonomy), general patterns in the organization of ecological systems and assemblages, and the processes that underlie them. In particular, GEB welcomes studies that use macroecological methods, comparative analyses, meta-analyses, reviews, spatial analyses and modelling to arrive at general, conceptual conclusions. Studies in GEB need not be global in spatial extent, but the conclusions and implications of the study must be relevant to ecologists and biogeographers globally, rather than being limited to local areas, or specific taxa. Similarly, GEB is not limited to spatial studies; we are equally interested in the general patterns of nature through time, among taxa (e.g., body sizes, dispersal abilities), through the course of evolution, etc. Further, GEB welcomes papers that investigate general impacts of human activities on ecological systems in accordance with the above criteria.