Josselin Burriat, Barbara Belletti, Sylvain Dolédec, Bernard Kaufmann
Aim Global urbanisation is one of the main threats to biodiversity worldwide, with consequences on human health. Many large urban areas are situated close to river floodplains to satisfy human needs. While studies have quantified the consequences of urbanisation on floodplain biodiversity at a local scale, no quantification exists at a global scale. Location Worldwide. Time Period 2020–2023. Major Taxa Studied Floodplain's aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. Methods From the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we compiled a database encompassing 51,357,439 and 33,606,794 species occurrences for animals and plants respectively. We filtered these occurrences step by step, first with a raster layer delineating global floodplains, then with the urban centre boundaries of cities accounting for more than 300,000 inhabitants and their associated catchment areas. We finally obtained a database featuring floodplain urban and regional communities for a total of 1062 cities. Using rarefaction, extrapolation and sample coverage methods to ensure comparability, our database ended up with 530,426 species occurrences in 535 cities. To quantify the impact of urbanisation on floodplain biodiversity, we compared the species richness of each urban floodplain to that of its associated catchment area for 13 taxonomic groups. Results For all studied groups we observed a decline of species richness in floodplain urban areas ranging between 18% and 33%. Bivalves were the most impacted by urbanisation followed by butterflies and birds. Malacostraca were the least impacted. Conclusions Initiatives to centralise biological data can clearly inform on the worldwide effects of urbanisation on floodplain species richness. However, most cities included in this study were located in the Global North, which provides a partial light on the erosion of biodiversity associated with urbanisation. Future research should prioritise data production or acquisition and studies from the fast‐urbanising Souths which host the majority of biodiversity hotspots.
全球城市化是全球生物多样性面临的主要威胁之一，并对人类健康产生影响。为了满足人类的需求，许多大城市都靠近河漫滩。虽然有研究量化了城市化在地方尺度上对洪泛区生物多样性的影响，但在全球尺度上却没有量化。全球位置。时间：2020-2023年。主要分类群研究河漫滩的水生和陆生脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和植物。方法从全球生物多样性信息设施（Global Biodiversity Information Facility）中分别建立了包含51,357,439和33,606,794种动物和植物物种的数据库。我们一步一步地过滤这些事件，首先用栅格层描绘全球洪泛平原，然后用城市中心边界划分超过30万居民及其相关的集水区。我们最终获得了一个包含1062个城市的洪泛区城市和区域社区的数据库。利用稀疏、外推和样本覆盖方法来确保可比性，我们的数据库最终在535个城市中出现了530,426种物种。为了量化城市化对河漫滩生物多样性的影响，我们比较了每个城市河漫滩与其相关集水区的13个分类类群的物种丰富度。结果在所有研究类群中，城市洪泛区物种丰富度下降幅度在18% ~ 33%之间。受城市化影响最大的是双壳类，其次是蝴蝶和鸟类。马拉斯特拉卡受到的影响最小。集中生物数据的举措可以清楚地了解城市化对洪泛平原物种丰富度的全球影响。然而，本研究中包括的大多数城市都位于全球北方，这为与城市化相关的生物多样性侵蚀提供了部分线索。未来的研究应该优先考虑数据的产生或获取，以及来自拥有大多数生物多样性热点的快速城市化的南方国家的研究。
{"title":"Urbanisation of Floodplains Reduces Species Richness of Several Taxonomic Groups Worldwide","authors":"Josselin Burriat, Barbara Belletti, Sylvain Dolédec, Bernard Kaufmann","doi":"10.1111/geb.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70227","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Global urbanisation is one of the main threats to biodiversity worldwide, with consequences on human health. Many large urban areas are situated close to river floodplains to satisfy human needs. While studies have quantified the consequences of urbanisation on floodplain biodiversity at a local scale, no quantification exists at a global scale. Location Worldwide. Time Period 2020–2023. Major Taxa Studied Floodplain's aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. Methods From the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we compiled a database encompassing 51,357,439 and 33,606,794 species occurrences for animals and plants respectively. We filtered these occurrences step by step, first with a raster layer delineating global floodplains, then with the urban centre boundaries of cities accounting for more than 300,000 inhabitants and their associated catchment areas. We finally obtained a database featuring floodplain urban and regional communities for a total of 1062 cities. Using rarefaction, extrapolation and sample coverage methods to ensure comparability, our database ended up with 530,426 species occurrences in 535 cities. To quantify the impact of urbanisation on floodplain biodiversity, we compared the species richness of each urban floodplain to that of its associated catchment area for 13 taxonomic groups. Results For all studied groups we observed a decline of species richness in floodplain urban areas ranging between 18% and 33%. Bivalves were the most impacted by urbanisation followed by butterflies and birds. Malacostraca were the least impacted. Conclusions Initiatives to centralise biological data can clearly inform on the worldwide effects of urbanisation on floodplain species richness. However, most cities included in this study were located in the Global North, which provides a partial light on the erosion of biodiversity associated with urbanisation. Future research should prioritise data production or acquisition and studies from the fast‐urbanising Souths which host the majority of biodiversity hotspots.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Björn H. Franke, Aafke M. Schipper, Tal Avgar, Luca Börger, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Thomas Müller, Brian J. Smith, Briana Abrahms, Abdullahi H. Ali, Nina Attias, Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks, Floris M. van Beest, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Niels Blaum, Michael B. Brown, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Francesca Cagnacci, Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes, Nandintsetseg Dejid, Jasja Dekker, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez, Julian Fennessy, Christina Fischer, Ilya Fischhoff, Adam T. Ford, Benedikt Gehr, Jacob R. Goheen, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Mark Hebblewhite, Robert Hering, Marco Heurich, A. J. Mark Hewison, Lynne A. Isbell, Matthew Kauffman, Andrew Jakes, René Janssen, Paul F. Jones, Bob Jonge Poerink, Clayton Lamb, John D. C. Linnell, A. Catherine Markham, Courtney J. Marneweck, Jenny Mattisson, John McEvoy, Erling Meisingset, Evelyn Merrill, Guilherme de Miranda Mourão, Bram Van Moorter, Nicolas Morellet, Atle Mysterud, John Odden, Kirk A. Olson, Agustín Paviolo, Tyler Petroelje, Kelly M. Proffitt, Kasim Rafiq, Nathan Ranc, Christer Moe Rolandsen, Daniel I. Rubenstein, Sonia Saïd, Hall Sawyer, Niels Martin Schmidt, Nuria Selva, Agnieszka Sergiel, Erling Johan Solberg, Melissa Songer, Jonas Stiegler, Olav Strand, Siva Sundaresan, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Wiebke Ullmann, Dorj Usukhjargal, Ulrich Voigt, Filip Zięba, Tomasz Zwijacz‐Kozica, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Marlee A. Tucker
Aim Animal movements are a fundamental process affecting communities and ecosystems. Quantifying habitat selection across species and habitats is key for understanding how animals respond to environmental change. Currently, we lack comparative studies that examine how habitat selection varies across species traits and landscapes. We aim to quantify global patterns of habitat selection to help understand the fundamental drivers of movement behaviour. Location Global. Time Period Contemporary. Major Taxa Studied Terrestrial mammals. Methods We estimated selection coefficients for terrain ruggedness, vegetation productivity, human population density and distance to roads of individual terrestrial mammals through step‐selection analysis of 1344 GPS tracks across 48 species. We quantified intra‐ and interspecific variation and tested whether selection coefficients were associated with species traits and habitat availability. Results We observe an overall avoidance of roads and areas of high human population density as well as rugged terrain, with a large proportion of individuals selecting for areas of intermediate NDVI. However, we also found large intraspecific variation in habitat selection and show that this variation is predicted by local and landscape‐level environmental conditions rather than species traits. Individuals in more remote areas exhibited weaker functional responses to human presence than those in more disturbed areas. Avoidance of rugged terrain is also context‐dependent, with stronger avoidance when local ruggedness is high. The only exception to the observed intraspecific variability is consistent species‐level responses to road proximity. Main Conclusions Our findings contribute to the understanding of habitat selection by terrestrial mammals, showing that selection is largely shaped by environmental conditions and that animals exhibit high plasticity in their responses. Our results also provide further evidence for the significant impact of roads on animal movement. These insights can help us to understand the potential effects of environmental change on the behaviour of mammal species around the world.
{"title":"Local and Landscape‐Level Environmental Conditions Drive Habitat Selection Across Terrestrial Mammal Species","authors":"Björn H. Franke, Aafke M. Schipper, Tal Avgar, Luca Börger, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Thomas Müller, Brian J. Smith, Briana Abrahms, Abdullahi H. Ali, Nina Attias, Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks, Floris M. van Beest, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Niels Blaum, Michael B. Brown, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Francesca Cagnacci, Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes, Nandintsetseg Dejid, Jasja Dekker, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez, Julian Fennessy, Christina Fischer, Ilya Fischhoff, Adam T. Ford, Benedikt Gehr, Jacob R. Goheen, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Mark Hebblewhite, Robert Hering, Marco Heurich, A. J. Mark Hewison, Lynne A. Isbell, Matthew Kauffman, Andrew Jakes, René Janssen, Paul F. Jones, Bob Jonge Poerink, Clayton Lamb, John D. C. Linnell, A. Catherine Markham, Courtney J. Marneweck, Jenny Mattisson, John McEvoy, Erling Meisingset, Evelyn Merrill, Guilherme de Miranda Mourão, Bram Van Moorter, Nicolas Morellet, Atle Mysterud, John Odden, Kirk A. Olson, Agustín Paviolo, Tyler Petroelje, Kelly M. Proffitt, Kasim Rafiq, Nathan Ranc, Christer Moe Rolandsen, Daniel I. Rubenstein, Sonia Saïd, Hall Sawyer, Niels Martin Schmidt, Nuria Selva, Agnieszka Sergiel, Erling Johan Solberg, Melissa Songer, Jonas Stiegler, Olav Strand, Siva Sundaresan, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Wiebke Ullmann, Dorj Usukhjargal, Ulrich Voigt, Filip Zięba, Tomasz Zwijacz‐Kozica, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Marlee A. Tucker","doi":"10.1111/geb.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70212","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Animal movements are a fundamental process affecting communities and ecosystems. Quantifying habitat selection across species and habitats is key for understanding how animals respond to environmental change. Currently, we lack comparative studies that examine how habitat selection varies across species traits and landscapes. We aim to quantify global patterns of habitat selection to help understand the fundamental drivers of movement behaviour. Location Global. Time Period Contemporary. Major Taxa Studied Terrestrial mammals. Methods We estimated selection coefficients for terrain ruggedness, vegetation productivity, human population density and distance to roads of individual terrestrial mammals through step‐selection analysis of 1344 GPS tracks across 48 species. We quantified intra‐ and interspecific variation and tested whether selection coefficients were associated with species traits and habitat availability. Results We observe an overall avoidance of roads and areas of high human population density as well as rugged terrain, with a large proportion of individuals selecting for areas of intermediate NDVI. However, we also found large intraspecific variation in habitat selection and show that this variation is predicted by local and landscape‐level environmental conditions rather than species traits. Individuals in more remote areas exhibited weaker functional responses to human presence than those in more disturbed areas. Avoidance of rugged terrain is also context‐dependent, with stronger avoidance when local ruggedness is high. The only exception to the observed intraspecific variability is consistent species‐level responses to road proximity. Main Conclusions Our findings contribute to the understanding of habitat selection by terrestrial mammals, showing that selection is largely shaped by environmental conditions and that animals exhibit high plasticity in their responses. Our results also provide further evidence for the significant impact of roads on animal movement. These insights can help us to understand the potential effects of environmental change on the behaviour of mammal species around the world.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mountains are biodiversity hotspots, and their astonishing diversity is attributed mainly to high diversification rates and longer times for speciation. Although these historical factors help explain how species accumulate, it is unclear how ecological interactions mediate species maintenance over evolutionary time. As regional diversity increases, it may reach a point where niche space limits the number of species. By implementing a multiscale framework, we tested the relative contributions of ecological and historical processes to the build-up of diversity in tropical mountains.
{"title":"Disentangling the Historical and Ecological Factors That Govern Species Accumulation in Neotropical Mountains","authors":"Elkin A. Tenorio, Brian Tilston Smith","doi":"10.1111/geb.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70201","url":null,"abstract":"Mountains are biodiversity hotspots, and their astonishing diversity is attributed mainly to high diversification rates and longer times for speciation. Although these historical factors help explain how species accumulate, it is unclear how ecological interactions mediate species maintenance over evolutionary time. As regional diversity increases, it may reach a point where niche space limits the number of species. By implementing a multiscale framework, we tested the relative contributions of ecological and historical processes to the build-up of diversity in tropical mountains.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen D. Soria, Gabriel R. Ortega‐Solís, Friederike J. R. Wölke, Vojtěch Barták, François Leroy, Kateřina Tschernosterová, Vladimir Bejček, Sergi Herrando, Ivan Mikuláš, Karel Šťastný, Mutsuyuki Ueta, Petr Voříšek, Petr Keil
Aim Spatial autocorrelation (SAC), also known as aggregation or clumping, reflects species niche and dispersal, has conservation significance, and affects ecological models. Yet, we know little about the spatial and temporal patterns of SAC in empirical data. Here, we quantify the magnitude, spatial scaling, and temporal change of SAC in both species distributions and richness across multiple regions. Location Czechia, Europe, New York State, Japan. Time Period 1972–2017. Major Taxa Studied Birds. Methods We analysed four temporally replicated bird atlases, each aggregated to multiple spatial grains. We used Moran's I to quantify the SAC of richness and the Join count statistic (JC) for species distributions. We assessed changes in SAC across time and spatial scales, the relationship between temporal changes in SAC and occupancy, and whether habitat association, trophic level, or dispersal ability influenced temporal SAC dynamics. Results Species distributions and diversity consistently showed positive SAC across all regions, periods, and grain sizes, with its magnitude declining at coarser grains. SAC showed no overall temporal trend, despite varying responses across species. However, joint temporal changes in JC and occupancy revealed systematic patterns: declining species became more aggregated (clumped) while expanding species became more fragmented (disjoint) than expected from occupancy change alone. Trait effects were overall weak—dispersal ability showed no influence, whereas the ranges of open‐habitat species in Japan and herbivores in Japan and Europe became slightly more fragmented than expected. Main Conclusions Stronger SAC at finer grains suggests greater predictability of diversity and distributions at these scales. Despite zero average change in occupancy or SAC, their coupled shifts highlight the importance of considering both jointly. We found that non‐adjacent colonisations and extirpations are major drivers of range dynamics in temperate birds. The limited role of traits suggests that extrinsic environmental and spatial factors dominate large‐scale SAC dynamics.
{"title":"Spatial Autocorrelation of Species Diversity and Distributions in Time and Across Spatial Scales","authors":"Carmen D. Soria, Gabriel R. Ortega‐Solís, Friederike J. R. Wölke, Vojtěch Barták, François Leroy, Kateřina Tschernosterová, Vladimir Bejček, Sergi Herrando, Ivan Mikuláš, Karel Šťastný, Mutsuyuki Ueta, Petr Voříšek, Petr Keil","doi":"10.1111/geb.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70221","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Spatial autocorrelation (SAC), also known as aggregation or clumping, reflects species niche and dispersal, has conservation significance, and affects ecological models. Yet, we know little about the spatial and temporal patterns of SAC in empirical data. Here, we quantify the magnitude, spatial scaling, and temporal change of SAC in both species distributions and richness across multiple regions. Location Czechia, Europe, New York State, Japan. Time Period 1972–2017. Major Taxa Studied Birds. Methods We analysed four temporally replicated bird atlases, each aggregated to multiple spatial grains. We used Moran's I to quantify the SAC of richness and the Join count statistic (JC) for species distributions. We assessed changes in SAC across time and spatial scales, the relationship between temporal changes in SAC and occupancy, and whether habitat association, trophic level, or dispersal ability influenced temporal SAC dynamics. Results Species distributions and diversity consistently showed positive SAC across all regions, periods, and grain sizes, with its magnitude declining at coarser grains. SAC showed no overall temporal trend, despite varying responses across species. However, joint temporal changes in JC and occupancy revealed systematic patterns: declining species became more aggregated (clumped) while expanding species became more fragmented (disjoint) than expected from occupancy change alone. Trait effects were overall weak—dispersal ability showed no influence, whereas the ranges of open‐habitat species in Japan and herbivores in Japan and Europe became slightly more fragmented than expected. Main Conclusions Stronger SAC at finer grains suggests greater predictability of diversity and distributions at these scales. Despite zero average change in occupancy or SAC, their coupled shifts highlight the importance of considering both jointly. We found that non‐adjacent colonisations and extirpations are major drivers of range dynamics in temperate birds. The limited role of traits suggests that extrinsic environmental and spatial factors dominate large‐scale SAC dynamics.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian incubation attentiveness exhibits global patterns with respect to gradients of ecological and life-history characteristics. However, the factors contributing to the patterns remain inadequately understood. Here, we aim to examine how life-history and ecological factors are associated with incubation attentiveness and its latitudinal pattern, with a particular emphasis on the mediating roles of parental incubation mode (female-only vs. biparental incubation) and nest structure.
{"title":"Ecological and Life-History Correlates of Incubation Attentiveness Differ Between Female-Only and Biparentally Incubating Passerine Birds","authors":"Qian Hu, Jiliang Xu, Jianqiang Li","doi":"10.1111/geb.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70225","url":null,"abstract":"Avian incubation attentiveness exhibits global patterns with respect to gradients of ecological and life-history characteristics. However, the factors contributing to the patterns remain inadequately understood. Here, we aim to examine how life-history and ecological factors are associated with incubation attentiveness and its latitudinal pattern, with a particular emphasis on the mediating roles of parental incubation mode (female-only vs. biparental incubation) and nest structure.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim Natural disturbances are intensifying under global change, yet a global synthesis of their effects on forest structure and composition remains lacking. We aimed to assess the prevalence of structural versus compositional changes and to identify common post‐disturbance reorganisation pathways across forest biomes. Time Period 1980–2023. Location Global. Taxa Studied Forest tree species. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of 159 studies reporting pre‐ and post‐disturbance forest structure and composition (i.e., mainly from fires, insect outbreaks and windthrow). We quantified structural and compositional changes by disturbance agent, biome, severity, study method and time since disturbance. We subsequently classified post‐disturbance trajectories into four pathways: self‐replacement, relay succession, novelty, and delayed regeneration. Results Most studies on post‐disturbance forest development focused on temperate forests and fire, with structural change being more common than compositional change. Knowledge of post‐disturbance trajectories is largely dominated by short‐term studies, revealing a critical gap in understanding long‐term post‐disturbance trajectories. Self‐replacement is common across biomes, suggesting that disturbances act as catalysts of change only under specific conditions. Relay succession is a prevalent post‐disturbance development pathway in boreal forests, delayed regeneration in temperate broadleaved and mixed forests, and post‐disturbance novelty occurs in temperate, Mediterranean and tropical regions. Main Conclusions As disturbances continue to change, the emerging novel disturbance regimes could alter prevailing reorganisation pathways. Understanding post‐disturbance forest reorganisation is thus critical for forest management and conservation in an era of global change.
{"title":"Forest Reorganisation After Natural Disturbance: A Synthesis","authors":"Judit Lecina‐Diaz, Monica G. Turner, Rupert Seidl","doi":"10.1111/geb.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70220","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Natural disturbances are intensifying under global change, yet a global synthesis of their effects on forest structure and composition remains lacking. We aimed to assess the prevalence of structural versus compositional changes and to identify common post‐disturbance reorganisation pathways across forest biomes. Time Period 1980–2023. Location Global. Taxa Studied Forest tree species. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of 159 studies reporting pre‐ and post‐disturbance forest structure and composition (i.e., mainly from fires, insect outbreaks and windthrow). We quantified structural and compositional changes by disturbance agent, biome, severity, study method and time since disturbance. We subsequently classified post‐disturbance trajectories into four pathways: self‐replacement, relay succession, novelty, and delayed regeneration. Results Most studies on post‐disturbance forest development focused on temperate forests and fire, with structural change being more common than compositional change. Knowledge of post‐disturbance trajectories is largely dominated by short‐term studies, revealing a critical gap in understanding long‐term post‐disturbance trajectories. Self‐replacement is common across biomes, suggesting that disturbances act as catalysts of change only under specific conditions. Relay succession is a prevalent post‐disturbance development pathway in boreal forests, delayed regeneration in temperate broadleaved and mixed forests, and post‐disturbance novelty occurs in temperate, Mediterranean and tropical regions. Main Conclusions As disturbances continue to change, the emerging novel disturbance regimes could alter prevailing reorganisation pathways. Understanding post‐disturbance forest reorganisation is thus critical for forest management and conservation in an era of global change.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147448429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura M. Berman, Santiago Perea, H. S. Sathya Chandra Sagar, Maia Persche, Grace Ingram, Tatiana Maeda, Natalie Yoh, Jorg Müller, Jens Schlüter, Nicolas Zapata, Ciara Wirth, Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres, Carlos Valle‐Piñuela, Ignacio J. Moreno‐Buitrón, Luis Ganchozo Intriago, Froilan Macanilla Grefa, Jose Macanilla Grefa, Carla Mere, Elena Chaboteaux, Alejandro Lopera‐Toro, Felicity Edwards, Walter Mbamy, Serge Ekazama Koto, Graden Z. L. Froese, Frank E. Rheindt, Ulmar Grafe, Hanyrol Hanyzan Ahmad Sah, Zuzana Buřivalová
Aim Forests support the majority of the planet's terrestrial biodiversity, and in recent years the characterisation of soundscapes has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding forest ecosystems, both in terms of ecology and for the purpose of conservation. But it is still poorly understood to what extent generalisations can be made about soundscapes in different parts of the world, and to what extent we should expect soundscapes to differ regionally. Here, we characterise the dominant acoustic features of forest soundscapes on a global scale and establish baseline expectations for how acoustic indices vary among biogeographic realms and biomes. Location Forests in Brunei, Ecuador, Gabon, Germany, Peru, Singapore, Sierra Leone and the USA, a dataset spanning two biomes and five out of six global biogeographic realms where forests occur. Time Period Two to five weeks of continuous audio data from each site collected between 2020 and 2024. Major Taxa Birds, amphibians, insects and mammals. Methods Stratifying data by time and frequency, we calculated four acoustic indices. Principal components analysis was used to compare the similarity of soundscapes across sites. Results Temperate and tropical forest soundscapes clustered separately in principal component analysis. Temperate forests had soundscapes which were uniformly loud during the day across all frequencies and were generally quiet at night. In contrast, all tropical locations had complex soundscapes during both day and night and had banding patterns suggestive of a high diversity of soniferous insects. These banding patterns were created by the unique soniferous community at each site, causing the ‘acoustic fingerprint’ of each site to be most similar to other sites in the same ecoregion and in the same biogeographic realm. The ‘acoustic fingerprints’ of temperate forest differentiated between ecoregions only when dawn was considered separately. Main Conclusions Our results stress the importance of using regional specific baseline data, as soundscapes are not necessarily comparable. Ecoacoustics is growing in popularity as an ecosystem monitoring tool, and understanding how forest soundscapes vary naturally across the globe can provide much needed context for studies that seek to understand factors that may disrupt or alter those soundscapes.
{"title":"Acoustic Indices Reveal Fundamental Differences in Daily Phenology of Tropical and Temperate Forest Soundscapes","authors":"Laura M. Berman, Santiago Perea, H. S. Sathya Chandra Sagar, Maia Persche, Grace Ingram, Tatiana Maeda, Natalie Yoh, Jorg Müller, Jens Schlüter, Nicolas Zapata, Ciara Wirth, Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres, Carlos Valle‐Piñuela, Ignacio J. Moreno‐Buitrón, Luis Ganchozo Intriago, Froilan Macanilla Grefa, Jose Macanilla Grefa, Carla Mere, Elena Chaboteaux, Alejandro Lopera‐Toro, Felicity Edwards, Walter Mbamy, Serge Ekazama Koto, Graden Z. L. Froese, Frank E. Rheindt, Ulmar Grafe, Hanyrol Hanyzan Ahmad Sah, Zuzana Buřivalová","doi":"10.1111/geb.70224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70224","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Forests support the majority of the planet's terrestrial biodiversity, and in recent years the characterisation of soundscapes has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding forest ecosystems, both in terms of ecology and for the purpose of conservation. But it is still poorly understood to what extent generalisations can be made about soundscapes in different parts of the world, and to what extent we should expect soundscapes to differ regionally. Here, we characterise the dominant acoustic features of forest soundscapes on a global scale and establish baseline expectations for how acoustic indices vary among biogeographic realms and biomes. Location Forests in Brunei, Ecuador, Gabon, Germany, Peru, Singapore, Sierra Leone and the USA, a dataset spanning two biomes and five out of six global biogeographic realms where forests occur. Time Period Two to five weeks of continuous audio data from each site collected between 2020 and 2024. Major Taxa Birds, amphibians, insects and mammals. Methods Stratifying data by time and frequency, we calculated four acoustic indices. Principal components analysis was used to compare the similarity of soundscapes across sites. Results Temperate and tropical forest soundscapes clustered separately in principal component analysis. Temperate forests had soundscapes which were uniformly loud during the day across all frequencies and were generally quiet at night. In contrast, all tropical locations had complex soundscapes during both day and night and had banding patterns suggestive of a high diversity of soniferous insects. These banding patterns were created by the unique soniferous community at each site, causing the ‘acoustic fingerprint’ of each site to be most similar to other sites in the same ecoregion and in the same biogeographic realm. The ‘acoustic fingerprints’ of temperate forest differentiated between ecoregions only when dawn was considered separately. Main Conclusions Our results stress the importance of using regional specific baseline data, as soundscapes are not necessarily comparable. Ecoacoustics is growing in popularity as an ecosystem monitoring tool, and understanding how forest soundscapes vary naturally across the globe can provide much needed context for studies that seek to understand factors that may disrupt or alter those soundscapes.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147447929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jhan C. Salazar, Adam C. Algar, Steven Poe, Jonathan B. Losos, Julián A. Velasco
The evolution of montane species provides critical insights into the drivers of adaptation and diversification. Topographic complexity, a defining feature of many mountainous landscapes, promotes ecological and geographic isolation, often accelerating speciation rates. However, the extent to which topographic complexity directly shapes diversification remains unresolved. Here, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of Anolis lizards across Neotropical mountain ranges to test two hypotheses: (1) higher elevation environments promote higher speciation rates in species that inhabit them; and (2) greater topographic complexity and climatic stability (i.e., lower past climatic-change velocity) positively influence speciation rates.
{"title":"Diversification and Evolutionary Dynamics in Tropical Montane Regions","authors":"Jhan C. Salazar, Adam C. Algar, Steven Poe, Jonathan B. Losos, Julián A. Velasco","doi":"10.1111/geb.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70218","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of montane species provides critical insights into the drivers of adaptation and diversification. Topographic complexity, a defining feature of many mountainous landscapes, promotes ecological and geographic isolation, often accelerating speciation rates. However, the extent to which topographic complexity directly shapes diversification remains unresolved. Here, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of <i>Anolis</i> lizards across Neotropical mountain ranges to test two hypotheses: (1) higher elevation environments promote higher speciation rates in species that inhabit them; and (2) greater topographic complexity and climatic stability (i.e., lower past climatic-change velocity) positively influence speciation rates.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pilar Lafita, Vicente García-Navas, Rafael Malmagro, Carlos Martínez-Núñez
Avian frugivores with large bodies and beaks are increasingly threatened due to smaller population sizes, greater energy requirements and higher vulnerability to hunting pressure and illegal wildlife trade. However, it remains unclear whether birds with these traits adopt consistent strategies in their interactions with fleshy-fruited plants and, therefore, hold specific trait-driven roles in fruit-frugivore networks that are difficult to replace under extinction scenarios.
{"title":"Large-Bodied and Wide-Beaked Avian Frugivores Show Greater Specialisation in Tropical Seed Dispersal Networks","authors":"Pilar Lafita, Vicente García-Navas, Rafael Malmagro, Carlos Martínez-Núñez","doi":"10.1111/geb.70216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70216","url":null,"abstract":"Avian frugivores with large bodies and beaks are increasingly threatened due to smaller population sizes, greater energy requirements and higher vulnerability to hunting pressure and illegal wildlife trade. However, it remains unclear whether birds with these traits adopt consistent strategies in their interactions with fleshy-fruited plants and, therefore, hold specific trait-driven roles in fruit-frugivore networks that are difficult to replace under extinction scenarios.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Rindi, Ludovica Pedicini, Iacopo Bertocci, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Dan Smale, Fernando Tuya, Adriana Rodriguez, Mariachiara Chiantore, Valentina Asnaghi, Paolo Albicini, Rolf Karez, Dominique Davoult, Aline Migné, Stéphane Loisel, Olivier Bohner, Luisa Mangialajo, Mark Johnson, Paul Brooks, Jennifer Coughlan, Celia Olabarria, Francisco Arenas, Giulia Ceccherelli, Arianna Pansini, Federico Pinna, Ralph Kuhlenkamp, Daniele Grech, Ivan Guala, Simone Farina, Fabio Bulleri
Foundation species sustain biodiversity by providing habitat, resources, and protection from environmental stress. However, their influence on environmental severity and variability and their role in shaping diversity across spatial scales remain poorly understood. We conducted a large-scale study to assess how environmental conditions and community diversity vary between areas with and without canopy-forming macroalgae across local to regional spatial scales.
{"title":"Variation in Environmental Conditions and Biodiversity Between Contrasting Intertidal Habitats Across Multiple Spatial Scales on European Rocky Shores","authors":"Luca Rindi, Ludovica Pedicini, Iacopo Bertocci, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Dan Smale, Fernando Tuya, Adriana Rodriguez, Mariachiara Chiantore, Valentina Asnaghi, Paolo Albicini, Rolf Karez, Dominique Davoult, Aline Migné, Stéphane Loisel, Olivier Bohner, Luisa Mangialajo, Mark Johnson, Paul Brooks, Jennifer Coughlan, Celia Olabarria, Francisco Arenas, Giulia Ceccherelli, Arianna Pansini, Federico Pinna, Ralph Kuhlenkamp, Daniele Grech, Ivan Guala, Simone Farina, Fabio Bulleri","doi":"10.1111/geb.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70211","url":null,"abstract":"Foundation species sustain biodiversity by providing habitat, resources, and protection from environmental stress. However, their influence on environmental severity and variability and their role in shaping diversity across spatial scales remain poorly understood. We conducted a large-scale study to assess how environmental conditions and community diversity vary between areas with and without canopy-forming macroalgae across local to regional spatial scales.","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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