Effect of acorn fall phenology on seedling establishment success in two mediterranean oak species. Implications facing climate change

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY European Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI:10.1007/s10342-024-01719-4
María José Leiva, María Perelló-Rodríguez
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Abstract

This study focuses on the effect of differences in acorn dropping time on seedling establishment in two abundant Mediterranean oak species: Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Q. suber. These species show extended seed dropping seasons (i.e., 4 to 5 months) and the fallen acorns thus experience variable conditions, including differences in climate and microclimate, as well as differences in biological interactions (mainly pre- and post-dispersal predation by insect larvae and rodents, respectively). We conducted two field experiments and a field survey on acorn infection by insect larvae and analysed the ability of early and late dropped acorns to achieve success (i.e., remaining healthy, germinating, and emerging as seedlings). The results indicated that pre- and post-dispersal predation of propagules changed over time. However, these factors had low effect on final seedling success. In opposition, warmer (i.e., autumn) conditions at acorn dropping and sowing time decreased seedling establishment in Q. suber, likely by a lack of cold stratification, while the conditions had no effect on Q. ilex subsp. ballota seedlings. We conclude that climate warming can selectively decrease the number of seedlings that are established in late springtime, before the onset of the characteristic Mediterranean summertime drought, thus negatively affecting the population dynamic in these species, which exhibit a high level of physiological dormancy as they depend on cold conditions to maximise acorn germination and epicotyl emergence.

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两种地中海橡树的橡子落果期对树苗成活率的影响。气候变化的影响
本研究的重点是橡子落果时间的差异对两种丰富的地中海橡树幼苗生长的影响:栎亚种(Quercus ilex subsp.这两个物种的落种季节较长(即 4 到 5 个月),因此落下的橡子所经历的条件也各不相同,包括气候和小气候的差异,以及生物相互作用的差异(主要分别是昆虫幼虫和啮齿动物在落种前和落种后的捕食)。我们对橡子受昆虫幼虫感染的情况进行了两次田间试验和一次实地调查,并分析了早落和晚落橡子的成功能力(即保持健康、发芽和出苗)。结果表明,传播前和传播后对繁殖体的捕食随着时间的推移而变化。然而,这些因素对最终成苗的影响较小。相反,橡子掉落和播种时的较暖(即秋季)条件降低了 Q. suber 的幼苗成活率,这可能是由于缺乏低温分层,而这些条件对 Q. ilex subsp.我们的结论是,气候变暖会有选择性地减少春末地中海夏季干旱来临前育苗的数量,从而对这些物种的种群动态产生负面影响,因为它们依赖寒冷条件来最大限度地提高橡子萌芽和外胚轴萌发,因而表现出高度的生理休眠。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.60%
发文量
77
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Forest Research focuses on publishing innovative results of empirical or model-oriented studies which contribute to the development of broad principles underlying forest ecosystems, their functions and services. Papers which exclusively report methods, models, techniques or case studies are beyond the scope of the journal, while papers on studies at the molecular or cellular level will be considered where they address the relevance of their results to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Papers relating to forest operations and forest engineering will be considered if they are tailored within a forest ecosystem context.
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