Trunk kinematics and limb movement of horses walking backwards and forwards in hand and lifting a single limb

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary journal Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106202
I.D. Jobst , R.R. Zsoldos , T.F. Licka
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Abstract

Equine physiotherapy commonly includes basic exercises such as walking backward (BW) and voluntary lifting of single limbs (SLL), but trunk movements during these have not been studied. In order to compare the trunk kinematics during BW and SLL with forward walking (FW), nine horses were measured in FW, BW and during SLL triggered by tactile cue. Kinematics were obtained from skin markers captured by ten high-speed video cameras. Trunk angles were calculated in sagittal and horizontal planes from withers, dorsal to spinous processes of the 16th thoracic vertebra (T16), 2nd and 4th sacral vertebrae (S2, S4), WT16S2 and T16S2S4 respectively. From the hooves, maximum hoof height during swing phase and horizontal distance between hoof and median body plane during swing and stance phases were determined.

Dorsoventral range of motion (ROM) and maximum flexion of WT16S2 was significantly larger in BW than in FW, while laterolateral ROM was significantly smaller during hindlimb swing phase in BW and SLL than in FW. In contrast, dorsoventral ROM of T16S2S4 was significantly smaller during stance and swing phases of hindlimbs in BW compared to FW, and throughout the movement. During forelimb swing phase, T16S2S4 ROM was significantly larger in BW than SLL. Hindhoof height in SLL was significantly higher than in FW. Distance between median body plane and hooves was significantly larger in BW than in FW, and significantly larger in BW than in SLL for hindlimb swing phase. In BW, increased lumbosacral stabilisation and the larger area of support created by fore- and hindlimbs may represent a strategy to enhance body stabilisation, as BW entails some insecurity.

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马的躯干运动学和肢体运动:手牵着马前后行走,单肢抬起。
马匹物理治疗通常包括基本练习,如倒退行走(BW)和自主抬起单肢(SLL),但这些练习中的躯干运动尚未研究过。为了比较BW和SLL与向前行走(FW)时的躯干运动学,对九匹马进行了FW、BW和由触觉提示触发的SLL测量。运动学数据来自十台高速摄像机捕捉到的皮肤标记。在矢状面和水平面上,分别计算了从马背到第 16 胸椎(T16)、第 2 和第 4 骶椎(S2、S4)棘突、WT16S2 和 T16S2S4 的躯干角度。通过蹄子测定了摆动阶段的最大蹄高以及摆动和站立阶段蹄子与身体中轴平面之间的水平距离。WT16S2的背腹运动范围(ROM)和最大屈曲度在BW中明显大于FW,而在后肢摆动阶段,BW和SLL的侧外侧ROM明显小于FW。相反,在后肢站立和摆动阶段,BW T16S2S4 的背腹侧 ROM 明显小于 FW,在整个运动过程中也是如此。在前肢摆动阶段,BW 的 T16S2S4 ROM 明显大于 SLL。SLL的后蹄高度明显高于FW。在后肢摆动阶段,BW 的身体中轴平面与蹄之间的距离明显大于 FW,且 BW 明显大于 SLL。在BW中,腰骶部的稳定性增强,前肢和后肢产生的支撑面积增大,这可能代表了一种增强身体稳定性的策略,因为BW会带来一些不安全感。
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来源期刊
Veterinary journal
Veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.50%
发文量
79
审稿时长
40 days
期刊介绍: The Veterinary Journal (established 1875) publishes worldwide contributions on all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. It provides regular book reviews and a short communications section. The journal regularly commissions topical reviews and commentaries on features of major importance. Research areas include infectious diseases, applied biochemistry, parasitology, endocrinology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, molecular biology, immunogenetics, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology and oncology.
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