Veterinary journal最新文献

Rabbit teeth serve as a calcium source for rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 兔牙是兔子（Oryctolagus cuniculus）的钙源。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106268

J Mäkitaipale, H Opsomer, J-M Hatt, B Riond, M Clauss, A Liesegang

Rabbits have hypselodont (ever-growing) teeth; dental growth constantly replaces dental tissue lost due to abrasion and attrition. It has been suggested that rabbits must have high mineral requirements, in particular for calcium, to fuel this constant tooth growth. However, this assumption ignores the fact that tooth wear represents finely ground tissue that is not lost to the body but swallowed during food processing. No studies exist regarding the possible recycling of dental enamel and dentin calcium. In this cross-over study, eight eight-months old intact female rabbits were fed with a complete pelleted diet containing either calcium carbonate/dicalcium phosphate (control) or ground rabbit teeth as calcium sources for 15 days each. After 11 days of adaptation, intake, urinary and faecal losses were quantified in a 4-day period in metabolism cages, and blood mineral levels were determined in a final blood sample. There were few relevant, significant differences between the treatments, with the exception of calcium digestibility (20 ±8% on the control vs. 33 ±6% on the tooth meal diet, P = 0.002) and total calcium retention (0.10 ±0.13 vs. 0.33 ±0.10g/d, P = 0.004). The results suggest that rabbits are well able to recycle the minerals from dental tissue lost during dental wear.

兔子的牙齿是不断生长的；牙齿的生长会不断补充因磨损和损耗而失去的牙齿组织。有人认为，兔子对矿物质的需求量很大，尤其是对钙的需求量，这样才能促进牙齿的不断生长。然而，这种假设忽略了一个事实，即牙齿磨损代表的是细磨组织，这些细磨组织不会流失到体内，而是在食物加工过程中被吞食。目前还没有关于牙釉质和牙本质钙可能循环利用的研究。在这项交叉研究中，八只八个月大的完整雌兔被喂食含有碳酸钙/磷酸二氢钙（对照组）或磨碎的兔牙作为钙源的全颗粒食物，每种食物喂食 15 天。经过 11 天的适应期后，在新陈代谢笼中对摄入量、尿液和粪便损失进行了为期 4 天的量化，并对最终血液样本中的血液矿物质水平进行了测定。除了钙消化率（对照组为 20 ±8% vs. 牙粉日粮为 33 ±6%，P = 0.002）和总钙保留率（0.10 ±0.13 vs. 0.33 ±0.10g/d，P = 0.004）之外，其他处理之间几乎没有相关的显著差异。结果表明，兔子能够很好地回收牙齿磨损过程中牙齿组织中流失的矿物质。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of peri- and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis on surgical site infection in surgeries with elective antibiotic administration. 在选择性使用抗生素的手术中，围手术期和术后抗生素预防对手术部位感染的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106267

Nico Paeckel, Yuri Zablotski, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peri- and postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) on surgical site infection (SSI) in surgeries with elective antibiotic administration in a large university hospital with a high volume of people in the operating room. In this retrospective study, 1060 cats and dogs belonging to private owners were analysed for the occurrence of SSI over a period of almost 5 years, except during the COVID pandemic. Both the patient files were included, and the patient owners were contacted by questionnaire. The type of surgery, the use and type of AMP, as well as the occurrence, time, type and treatment of an SSI were documented. The overall SSI rate was 7.8% (66/841). The use of an AMP did not lead to a significant reduction in risk in any of the surgeries analysed. Postoperative continuation of antibiotic prophylaxis showed no significant difference compared to perioperative prophylaxis alone. When interpreting the results, the retrospective nature of the study should be considered, as well as the fact that some of the results are based on a survey of patient owners.

本研究的目的是调查在一家手术室人流量较大的大型大学医院中，术前和术后抗菌药预防（AMP）对手术部位感染（SSI）的影响。在这项回顾性研究中，我们分析了 1060 只私人饲养的猫和狗在近 5 年的时间里（COVID 大流行期间除外）发生 SSI 的情况。研究既包括病人档案，也通过问卷调查与病人的主人取得了联系。手术类型、AMP 的使用和类型以及 SSI 的发生、时间、类型和治疗方法均被记录在案。总的 SSI 感染率为 7.8%（66/841）。在分析的所有手术中，使用 AMP 并未显著降低风险。术后继续使用抗生素预防与围手术期单独使用相比没有明显差异。在解释研究结果时，应考虑到研究的回顾性，以及部分结果是基于对患者所有者的调查这一事实。

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引用次数: 0

The problem that residual Mycobacterium bovis infection poses for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis 牛分枝杆菌残留感染给根除牛结核病带来的问题。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106266

J. Wiseman , J.P. Cassidy , E. Gormley

The dynamics of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle can influence the proportion of infected animals that are diagnosed by ante-mortem tests in routine bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance and monitoring programmes. Although the current diagnostic tests based on cell-mediated or serological responses are imperfect, they are effective in diagnosing the majority of infected animals. However, the lack of perfect sensitivity and specificity also leads to failure to diagnose all infected animals leading to persistence of infection in herds. The terms residual, subclinical, latent and anergy have been used interchangeably to denote the presence of continued undiagnosed M. bovis infection within cattle herds, which ultimately hinders the eradication of bTB and imposes substantial financial burdens on farming communities and national economies. Epidemiological data suggests the existence of M. bovis-infected, but often undetected, cattle within herds that contribute to eradication failure. This has similarities with human tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, where latent infection is defined as the persistence of viable but quiescent bacilli for extended periods in patients without clinical symptoms but with a detectable immune response to M. tuberculosis antigens. If a similar infection state exists in cattle infected with M. bovis, the persistence of such animals in disease-managed herds is unlikely to be common given that those found to have positive immune responses to M. bovis antigens are routinely culled to minimise future risk of transmission. Apart from contributing to the burden of herd infection, such residual infection without detection may also ‘seed’ recipient herds following animal movements, and potentially play an important role in the overall epidemiology of bTB as the prevalence of disease decreases and the attendant altered predictive value of the diagnostic tests result in a greater proportion of infected animals remaining undetected. This review examines how the different stages of M. bovis infection in cattle may contribute to the failure to diagnose infected animals using conventional testing methodologies and the attendant risk this poses in creating prolonged or recurrent herd breakdowns.

牛分枝杆菌感染的动态变化会影响常规牛结核病（bTB）监测和监控计划中通过死前检验诊断出的感染动物的比例。尽管目前基于细胞介导或血清学反应的诊断测试并不完善，但它们能有效诊断出大多数受感染的动物。然而，由于缺乏完美的灵敏度和特异性，也导致无法诊断出所有受感染的动物，从而导致感染在畜群中持续存在。残留、亚临床、潜伏和过敏等术语被交替使用，以表示牛群中存在持续未确诊的牛海绵状芽孢杆菌感染，这最终阻碍了牛结核病的根除，并给农业社区和国家经济造成了巨大的财政负担。流行病学数据表明，牛群中存在牛海绵状芽孢杆菌感染，但往往未被发现，这导致了根除工作的失败。这与由结核分枝杆菌引起的人类结核病有相似之处，在人类结核病中，潜伏感染被定义为在没有临床症状但对结核分枝杆菌抗原有可检测到的免疫反应的患者中，有活力但处于静止状态的结核分枝杆菌长期存在。如果感染牛结核杆菌的牛群中也存在类似的感染状态，那么这种牛群在疾病管理的牛群中持续存在的情况就不可能很常见，因为那些被发现对牛结核杆菌抗原有阳性免疫反应的牛群会被例行扑杀，以尽量减少未来的传播风险。除了加重畜群感染负担外，这种未被发现的残余感染还可能在动物迁移后 "播种 "受感染畜群，并可能在牛结核病的整体流行病学中发挥重要作用，因为疾病流行率降低，诊断检测的预测值随之改变，导致更大比例的感染动物未被发现。本综述探讨了牛感染牛海绵状芽孢杆菌的不同阶段是如何导致传统检测方法无法诊断出受感染动物的，以及随之而来的造成长期或反复牛群崩溃的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Risk factors for antimicrobial usage and diseases in Dutch veal calf farms: A cross-sectional study 荷兰小牛养殖场使用抗菌剂和疾病的风险因素：横断面研究。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106263

Panagiotis Mallioris , Effrosyni Kritsi , Peter Theeuwes , Jaap A. Wagenaar , Arjan Stegeman , Lapo Mughini-Gras

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In the Netherlands, the veal calf sector was among the largest consumers of antimicrobials in Defined Daily Doses Animal (DDDA) for the year of 2022. As preventive use in Dutch livestock farms is forbidden since 2011, most AMU is due to the herd health status which is affected by the farm environment in which the conditions for diseases to spread are created. The aim of this study was to determine which disease etiologies for group treatments are associated with AMU in rosé starter veal calves, and which modifiable technical risk factors on farm are associated with those diseases and with total AMU. Cross-sectional data were collected from 36 Dutch rosé starter veal calf farms in the Netherlands in 2021 using a digital survey. Linear regression analysis showed that the main indications for AMU were respiratory infections, for which mainly tetracyclines and macrolides were used. Partial least squares regression analysis (PLS) revealed 13 on-farm practices associated with the number of group treatments for respiratory diseases and 19 with total AMU. Overlapping variables in both PLS models were related to regrouping of calves, micro-climate conditions, water access and weaning strategies. Overall, these features focused on improving animal welfare and nutrition during production and enhancing a farm’s internal and external biosecurity. This study identified opportunities for reducing AMU in rosé starter veal calf farms, which thereby could contribute to limiting AMR emergence and spread.

抗菌药使用（AMU）是抗菌药耐药性（AMR）的主要驱动因素。在荷兰，小牛肉行业是 2022 年动物定义日剂量（DDDA）中最大的抗菌剂消费行业之一。由于荷兰自 2011 年起禁止在畜牧场使用预防性药物，因此大部分 AMU 都是由畜群健康状况造成的，而畜群健康状况又受到畜牧场环境的影响，在畜牧场环境中疾病传播的条件也随之产生。本研究的目的是确定哪些疾病病因与玫瑰色初生小牛的AMU有关，以及农场中哪些可改变的技术风险因素与这些疾病和AMU总量有关。2021 年，通过数字调查收集了荷兰 36 个桃红小牛初生犊牛养殖场的横断面数据。线性回归分析表明，AMU 的主要适应症是呼吸道感染，主要使用四环素类和大环内酯类药物。偏最小二乘法回归分析（PLS）显示，13 种农场实践与呼吸道疾病的集体治疗次数有关，19 种与 AMU 总量有关。两个 PLS 模型中的重叠变量与犊牛的重新分组、微气候条件、供水和断奶策略有关。总体而言，这些特征主要集中在改善生产过程中的动物福利和营养，以及加强牧场内部和外部的生物安全。这项研究发现了减少玫瑰色初生小牛养殖场 AMU 的机会，从而有助于限制 AMR 的出现和传播。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of a mouse polyclonal antibody against the truncated ORFV113 recombinant protein of Orf virus 针对截短的 Orf 病毒 ORFV113 重组蛋白的小鼠多克隆抗体的制备与表征。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106265

Shaobo Liang, Qinqin Long, Feng Pang

Orf is a contagious zoonotic disease caused by Orf virus (ORFV), posing a threat to both animal and human health. The ORFV113 gene, located in the terminal variable region of the ORFV genome, has been demonstrated as a significant virulence gene, but its function remains largely unknown. In the study, we first amplified the truncated version of the ORFV113 gene (ORFV113t) by removing its transmembrane domain at the 5′ end. We then constructed the pET-32a-ORFV113t recombinant plasmid and expressed the truncated ORFV113 recombinant protein in Escherichia coli (E.coli). The purified ORFV113t fusion protein was used to immunize mice and generate a polyclonal antibody. This polyclonal antibody was subsequently used to detect the expression and subcellular localization of the ORFV113 protein. Additionally, virus neutralization test was utilized to determine the neutralizing titer of the polyclonal antibody. The results demonstrated that we successfully expressed the ORFV113t recombinant protein in a prokaryotic expression system and generated a mouse-derived polyclonal antibody targeting the ORFV113t recombinant protein with a titer of 1:204,800. This antibody exhibited specificity for detecting the ORFV113 protein expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The ORFV113 protein was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of infected Lamb testis (LT) cells. Notably, the polyclonal antibody demonstrated neutralizing activity against ORFV in vitro, with a neutralizing titer of 1:32. The prepared mouse anti-ORFV113t protein polyclonal antibody can be utilized for further study on potential functions of the ORFV113 protein in viral pathogenesis.

奥尔夫病是由奥尔夫病毒（ORFV）引起的一种传染性人畜共患病，对动物和人类健康都构成威胁。ORFV113基因位于ORFV基因组的末端可变区，已被证实是一个重要的毒力基因，但其功能在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们首先扩增了ORFV113基因的截短版本（ORFV113t），去除了其5'端的跨膜结构域。然后，我们构建了 pET-32a-ORFV113t 重组质粒，并在大肠杆菌（E.coli）中表达了截短的 ORFV113 重组蛋白。纯化的 ORFV113t 融合蛋白被用来免疫小鼠并产生多克隆抗体。这种多克隆抗体随后被用来检测 ORFV113 蛋白的表达和亚细胞定位。此外，我们还利用病毒中和试验确定了多克隆抗体的中和滴度。结果表明，我们成功地在原核表达系统中表达了 ORFV113t 重组蛋白，并产生了针对 ORFV113t 重组蛋白的小鼠多克隆抗体，抗体滴度为 1:204,800。该抗体对检测原核细胞和真核细胞中表达的 ORFV113 蛋白均有特异性。研究发现，ORFV113 蛋白定位于受感染的羔羊睾丸（LT）细胞的细胞质中。值得注意的是，该多克隆抗体在体外对 ORFV 具有中和活性，中和滴度为 1:32。制备的小鼠抗 ORFV113t 蛋白多克隆抗体可用于进一步研究 ORFV113 蛋白在病毒致病过程中的潜在功能。

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引用次数: 0

Antitumor effects of inhibitors of ERK and Akt pathways in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines ERK和Akt通路抑制剂在犬组织细胞肉瘤细胞系中的抗肿瘤作用。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106264

H. Sakuma , H. Tomiyasu , A. Tani , Y. Goto-Koshino , H. Tani , K. Ohno , H. Tsujimoto , M. Bonkobara , M. Okuda

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (CHS) is characterized by aggressive biological behavior. In our previous study, ERK and Akt pathways were found to be activated in CHS tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was set to investigate the relationships between the activation status of these pathways and the proliferation of CHS cell lines by examining the effects of single and co-administrations of drugs targeting these pathways. First, we evaluated the changes in cell proliferations and the activations of ERK and Akt pathways after treatments with ERK and Akt-specific inhibitors in CHS cells. Then, these changes after treatments with dasatinib and trametinib were also examined in CHS cells. Inhibitors specific to ERK and Akt pathways successfully inhibited the respective pathways in CHS cell lines. It was also indicated that these pathways were associated with the regulations of proliferations of CHS cells, although the anti-proliferative effect was not necessarily observed by inhibition of Akt pathway alone. Dasatinib and trametinib also showed the inhibitions of Akt and ERK pathway activations, respectively, in CHS cells. However, the anti-proliferative effects of these drugs varied among CHS cell lines, and co-administration showed enhanced anti-proliferative effects in only a part of CHS cell lines. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with the sensitivities to these molecular-targeted drugs in CHS cells.

犬组织细胞肉瘤（CHS）具有侵袭性生物行为的特点。我们之前的研究发现，ERK 和 Akt 通路在 CHS 组织中被激活。因此，本研究的目的是通过研究单一或联合使用针对这些通路的药物的效果，来探讨这些通路的激活状态与 CHS 细胞系增殖之间的关系。首先，我们评估了ERK和Akt特异性抑制剂处理CHS细胞后细胞增殖的变化以及ERK和Akt通路的激活情况。然后，我们还在CHS细胞中检测了达沙替尼和曲美替尼治疗后的这些变化。ERK和Akt通路特异性抑制剂成功地抑制了CHS细胞系中的相应通路。研究还表明，这些通路与 CHS 细胞的增殖调控有关，尽管仅抑制 Akt 通路并不一定能观察到抗增殖效应。达沙替尼和曲美替尼也分别抑制了Akt和ERK通路在CHS细胞中的激活。然而，这些药物的抗增殖作用在不同的CHS细胞系中存在差异，联合用药仅在部分CHS细胞系中显示出更强的抗增殖作用。还需要进一步研究这些分子靶向药物对CHS细胞敏感性的相关分子机制。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary Cystatin B as a marker of acute kidney injury in cats 作为猫急性肾损伤标志物的尿胱抑素 B。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106262

Hilla Chen , Yochai Avital , Sarah Peterson , Zenhwa Ouyang , Murthy Yerramilli , Itamar Aroch , Gilad Segev

Diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) might be challenging due to lack of sensitive early markers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the urinary biomarker Cystatin B (uCysB) in cats with AKI. Seventy-six client-owned cats were included. Urine samples of healthy cats and cats with various urinary tract disease including urethral obstruction (UO), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and AKI, were collected. uCysB concentration was measured using a research sandwich format ELISA at IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. uCysB was different among groups (P <0.001). uCysB was higher in the AKI (P <0.001) and CKD (P =0.006) groups compared with controls [1052 ng/mL (range, 7–3858) and 112 ng/mL (range, 14–1370) vs. 22 ng/mL (range, 11–154), respectively]. Cats with AKI had higher uCysB compared with cats with CKD (P =0.001) or UO (P =0.004). Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of uCysB as an AKI predictor vs. controls had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95 % CI, 0.84–1.0). An 84 ng/mL cutoff point corresponded to sensitivity and specificity of 90 % and 92 %, respectively. uCysB concentration was higher in AKI non-survivors compared with survivors (1572 ng/mL, range, 140–3858 vs. 584 ng/mL, range, 7–2803 respectively; P =0.004). ROC analysis of uCysB as an AKI outcome predictor had an AUC of 0.84 (95 % CI, 0.56–1.0), with an optimal cut-off point of 469 ng/mL, corresponding to sensitivity and specificity of 100 % and 75 % respectively. In conclusion, uCysB is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker of AKI in cats.

由于缺乏敏感的早期标记物，诊断急性肾损伤（AKI）可能具有挑战性。本研究旨在评估尿液生物标志物胱抑素 B（uCysB）对急性肾损伤猫的诊断和预后作用。研究纳入了 76 只客户饲养的猫。收集了健康猫和患有各种尿路疾病（包括尿道梗阻（UO）、慢性肾病（CKD）和 AKI）的猫的尿液样本。

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引用次数: 0

Monoclonal antibody development and antigenic epitope identification of infectious bursal disease virus VP5 传染性法氏囊病病毒 VP5 的单克隆抗体开发和抗原表位鉴定。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106254

Jinze Han , Xinxin Niu , Chengfei Ge , Ziwen Wu , Guodong Wang , Mengmeng Huang , Yulong Zhang , Runhang Liu , Mengmeng Xu , Hangbo Yu , Jingzhe Han , Suyan Wang , Yongzhen Liu , Yuntong Chen , Hongyu Cui , Yanping Zhang , Yulu Duan , Xiaomei Wang , Liuan Li , Yulong Gao , Xiaole Qi

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an important immunosuppressive disease affecting chickens and is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection. VP5 is a non-essential protein for IBDV replication but plays a critical role in IBDV pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of the biological functions of VP5 is lacking. This study utilized a prokaryotic system to express and purify soluble VP5 from the dominant epidemic strain of IBDV and developed a hybridoma cell line capable of secreting IBDV VP5 monoclonal antibody (MAb). The VP5 MAb demonstrated strong specificity for IBDV VP5 and could effectively discriminate between IBDV and its VP5-deleted strain. Furthermore, the antigen epitope of 137RRDLPKPE145 from IBDV VP5 was identified, which is the first detailed report of an IBDV VP5 antigen epitope. This antigen epitope, which is located at the C-terminus of VP5, is conserved across various IBDV serotype 1 strains. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for further exploration of gene function and differential detection of VP5.

传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是一种重要的鸡免疫抑制疾病，由传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）感染引起。VP5 是 IBDV 复制的非必需蛋白，但在 IBDV 发病机制中起着关键作用。目前还缺乏对 VP5 生物功能的深入了解。本研究利用原核系统表达和纯化了 IBDV 优势流行株的可溶性 VP5，并开发了一种能分泌 IBDV VP5 单克隆抗体（MAb）的杂交瘤细胞系。VP5 MAb 对 IBDV VP5 有很强的特异性，能有效区分 IBDV 及其 VP5 缺失株。此外，还鉴定出了 IBDV VP5 的抗原表位 137RRDLPKPE145，这是首次详细报道 IBDV VP5 抗原表位。该抗原表位位于 VP5 的 C 端，在不同的 IBDV 血清 1 型毒株中具有一致性。这项研究的发现为进一步探索基因功能和 VP5 的差异检测提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Use of respiratory signal analysis to assess severity of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in dogs 利用呼吸信号分析评估犬类 "脑性气道阻塞综合征"（BOAS）的严重程度。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106261

M. Dimopoulou , H. Peterson , O. Stensöta , M. Karlsteen , I. Ljungvall , J. Rydén , E. Skiöldebrand

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be challenging to diagnose and grade objectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of respiratory signal analysis to assess severity of BOAS in dogs. Hundred and seventeen client-owned dogs of brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds were enrolled. Respiratory sounds were recorded using an electronic stethoscope before and after a 3-minute exercise test (ET). Dogs were assigned a BOAS severity grade (BOAS 0–3) using a validated respiratory functional grading scheme. Signal analysis techniques were used to identify seven sound variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate associations between variables and BOAS severity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the diagnostic efficacy of each sound variable. For each sound variable, there was a significant association with BOAS grade. An increase in BOAS grade resulted in greater sound magnitude in the frequency spectrum (0–1000 Hz), and in a greater contribution of lower frequencies (170–260 Hz). The variable “Peak 1” had the best performance in predicting BOAS negative (BOAS 0 +1) versus BOAS positive dogs (BOAS 2 + 3) before the ET; area under the curve (AUC) = 76.6 % (95 % confidence interval 67.4–85.8 %), whereas the variable “Valley 1” had the highest predictive value after the ET; AUC = 87.8 % (95 % confidence interval 81.4–94.3 %). Respiratory signal analysis has good potential for assessing BOAS severity and could be valuable for clinicians in clinical decision processes and for breeders when selecting suitable breeding dogs.

脑性气道阻塞综合征（BOAS）是一种可能危及生命的疾病，客观诊断和分级具有一定难度。本研究的目的是探讨如何利用呼吸信号分析来评估犬类呼吸道阻塞综合征的严重程度。研究人员招募了 177 只客户饲养的肱头犬和非肱头犬。在进行 3 分钟运动测试 (ET) 前后使用电子听诊器记录呼吸音。采用经过验证的呼吸功能分级方案对犬只进行 BOAS 严重程度分级（BOAS 0-3）。信号分析技术用于确定七个声音变量。方差分析 (ANOVA) 用于研究变量与 BOAS 严重程度之间的关联，接收器操作特征曲线 (ROC) 用于评估每个声音变量的诊断效果。每个声音变量都与 BOAS 分级有显著的关联。BOAS 分级的提高导致频谱（0-1000Hz）中的声音幅度增大，低频（170-260Hz）的贡献率增大。在 ET 之前，"峰值 1 "变量在预测 BOAS 阴性犬（BOAS 0 +1）和 BOAS 阳性犬（BOAS 2 +3）方面表现最佳；曲线下面积 (AUC) = 76.6%（95% 置信区间为 67.4 - 85.8%），而在 ET 之后，"谷值 1 "变量的预测价值最高；AUC = 87.8%（95% 置信区间为 81.4 - 94.3%）。呼吸信号分析在评估 BOAS 严重程度方面具有良好的潜力，对临床医生的临床决策过程和繁殖者选择合适的繁殖犬都很有价值。

{"title":"Use of respiratory signal analysis to assess severity of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in dogs","authors":"M. Dimopoulou , H. Peterson , O. Stensöta , M. Karlsteen , I. Ljungvall , J. Rydén , E. Skiöldebrand","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be challenging to diagnose and grade objectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of respiratory signal analysis to assess severity of BOAS in dogs. Hundred and seventeen client-owned dogs of brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds were enrolled. Respiratory sounds were recorded using an electronic stethoscope before and after a 3-minute exercise test (ET). Dogs were assigned a BOAS severity grade (BOAS 0–3) using a validated respiratory functional grading scheme. Signal analysis techniques were used to identify seven sound variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate associations between variables and BOAS severity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the diagnostic efficacy of each sound variable. For each sound variable, there was a significant association with BOAS grade. An increase in BOAS grade resulted in greater sound magnitude in the frequency spectrum (0–1000 Hz), and in a greater contribution of lower frequencies (170–260 Hz). The variable “Peak 1” had the best performance in predicting BOAS negative (BOAS 0 +1) versus BOAS positive dogs (BOAS 2 + 3) before the ET; area under the curve (AUC) = 76.6 % (95 % confidence interval 67.4–85.8 %), whereas the variable “Valley 1” had the highest predictive value after the ET; AUC = 87.8 % (95 % confidence interval 81.4–94.3 %). Respiratory signal analysis has good potential for assessing BOAS severity and could be valuable for clinicians in clinical decision processes and for breeders when selecting suitable breeding dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic profile of prepartum dairy cows and its influence on the immediate postpartum period, colostrum quality and passive immunity transference 产前奶牛的代谢特征及其对产后初期、初乳质量和被动免疫转移的影响

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106260

D.A.C. Hoffmann , M. Furtado , L.F. Bragança , G. de M. Araujo , F. Moreira , V.R. Rabassa , J.O. Feijó , M.N. Corrêa , V. Peripolli , E. Schwegler

The objective of this study was to evaluate which biochemical markers in the prepartum period of dairy cows influence the immediate postpartum period, the quality of colostrum, and the passive immunity transference in the calves. The experiment was performed on a commercial dairy farm with 52 pregnant multiparous Holstein cows. Animals that gave birth to twins or males were discarded from the experiment. On days −20 of the expected calving date and 24 hours after calving, blood collections, body condition score assessments, and animals weighing were performed. Blood samples from calves were performed 24 hours after colostrum intake. Calf plasma was used to estimate the passive immunity transfer by % brix and total plasma proteins (TPP). In the principal component analysis, it was shown that postpartum NEFA and BHBA was higher in cows with higher prepartum urinary pH and Ca lower prepartum. The cows with the highest NEFA and BHBA in pre and postpartum were the ones that had the lowest % brix in the colostrum. The % brix of the cow’s colostrum directly influenced the % brix and TPP of the calves. The NEFA in the cows prepartum negatively influenced the markers of immunity, the higher the NEFA, the lower the % brix of the cows’ colostrum, % brix of the calves, and TPP. In multivariate regression analyses it was shown that pre-calving NEFA was the marker that most influenced post-calving cow markers and calf % brix, along with colostrum time and % brix of the colostrum (P= 0.0092; r²= 0.83). Cows with higher values NEFA in the prepartum had lower calcemic in the immediate postpartum period. Prepartum NEFA was the marker that most influenced the cows’ immediate postpartum period, being directly related to Ca serum, and also to the passive immunity transference.

本研究的目的是评估奶牛产前的生化指标对产后初期、初乳质量和犊牛被动免疫转移的影响。实验在一家商业奶牛场进行，共有 52 头怀孕的多胎荷斯坦奶牛参加。产下双胞胎或雄性奶牛的动物被排除在实验之外。在预产期的第 20 天和产后 24 小时，对犊牛进行采血、体况评分评估和称重。犊牛吃初乳 24 小时后进行血液采样。犊牛血浆用于通过白利糖度（% brix）和总血浆蛋白（TPP）估算被动免疫转移。主成分分析表明，产前尿pH值较高和产前尿Ca值较低的奶牛产后NEFA和BHBA较高。产前和产后NEFA和BHBA最高的奶牛，其初乳中的白利糖度也最低。奶牛初乳的白利糖度直接影响犊牛的白利糖度和TPP。奶牛产前的NEFA对免疫指标有负面影响，NEFA越高，奶牛初乳的乳糖率、犊牛的乳糖率和TPP越低。多变量回归分析表明，产犊前的NEFA是对产犊后奶牛指标和犊牛乳脂率影响最大的指标，此外还有初乳时间和初乳乳脂率（P= 0.0092；r2= 0.83）。产前 NEFA 值较高的奶牛产后血钙较低。产前 NEFA 是对奶牛产后即刻血钙影响最大的指标，与血清钙直接相关，也与被动免疫转移有关。

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引用次数: 0