Inam Ullah Khan, Muhammad Saqib, Arshia Amin, Sadia Manzoor, Iftikhar Ahmed, Rui-Rui Liu, Jian-Yu Jiao, Xiao-Yang Zhi, Wen-Jun Li
{"title":"Phylogenomic analyses and comparative genomic studies of Thermus strains isolated from Tengchong and Tibet Hot Springs, China","authors":"Inam Ullah Khan, Muhammad Saqib, Arshia Amin, Sadia Manzoor, Iftikhar Ahmed, Rui-Rui Liu, Jian-Yu Jiao, Xiao-Yang Zhi, Wen-Jun Li","doi":"10.1007/s10482-024-02001-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genus <i>Thermus</i> is the main focus of researcher among the thermophiles. Members of this genus are the inhabitants of both natural and artificial thermal environments. We performed phylogenomic analyses and comparative genomic studies to unravel the genomic diversity among the strains belonging to the genus <i>Thermus</i> in geographically different thermal springs. Sixteen <i>Thermus</i> strains were isolated and sequenced from hot springs, Qucai hot springs in Tibet and Tengchong hot springs in Yunnan, China. 16S rRNA gene based phylogeny and phylogenomic analyses based on concatenated set of 971 Orthologous Protein Families (supermatrix and gene content methods) revealed a mixed distribution of the <i>Thermus</i> strains. Whole genome based phylogenetic analysis showed, all 16 <i>Thermus</i> strains belong to five species; <i>Thermus </i><i>oshimai</i> (YIM QC-2-109, YIM 1640, YIM 1627, 77359, 77923, 77838), <i>Thermus</i> <i>antranikianii</i> (YIM 73052, 77412, 77311, 71206), <i>Thermus </i> <i>brokianus</i> (YIM 73518, 71318, 72351), <i>Thermus </i> <i>hydrothermalis</i> (YIM 730264 and 77927) and one potential novel species 77420 forming clade with <i>Thermus </i><i>thalpophilus</i> SYSU G00506<sup>T</sup>. Although the genomes of different strains of <i>Thermus</i> of same species were highly similar in their metabolic pathways, but subtle differences were found. CRISPR loci were detected through genome-wide screening, which showed that <i>Thermus</i> isolates from two different thermal locations had well developed defense system against viruses and adopt similar strategy for survival. Additionally, comparative genome analysis screened competence loci across all the <i>Thermus</i> genomes which could be helpful to acquire DNA from environment. In the present study it was found that <i>Thermus</i> isolates use two mechanism of incomplete denitrification pathway, some <i>Thermus</i> strains produces nitric oxide while others nitrious oxide (dinitrogen oxide), which show the heterotrophic lifestyle of <i>Thermus</i> genus. All isolated organisms encoded complete pathways for glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and pentose phosphate. Calvin Benson Bassham cycle genes were identified in genomes of <i>T</i>. <i>oshimai</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>antranikianii</i> strains, while genomes of all <i>T</i>. <i>brokianus</i> strains and organism 77420 were lacking. Arsenic, cadmium and cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistant genes were detected in genomes of all sequenced <i>Thermus</i> strains. Strains 77,420, 77,311, 73,518, 77,412 and 72,351 genomes were found harboring genes for siderophores production. Sox gene clusters were identified in all sequenced genomes, except strain YIM 730264, suggesting a mode of chemolithotrophy. Through the comparative genomic analysis, we also identified 77420 as the genome type species and its validity as novel organism was confirmed by whole genome sequences comparison. Although isolate 77420 had 99.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with <i>T. thalpophilus</i> SYSU G00506<sup>T</sup> but based on ANI 95.86% (Jspecies) and digital DDH 68.80% (GGDC) values differentiate it as a potential novel species. Similarly, in the phylogenomic tree, the novel isolate 77,420 forming a separate branch with their closest reference type strain <i>T</i>. <i>thalpophilus</i> SYSU G00506<sup>T</sup>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50746,"journal":{"name":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10482-024-02001-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Genus Thermus is the main focus of researcher among the thermophiles. Members of this genus are the inhabitants of both natural and artificial thermal environments. We performed phylogenomic analyses and comparative genomic studies to unravel the genomic diversity among the strains belonging to the genus Thermus in geographically different thermal springs. Sixteen Thermus strains were isolated and sequenced from hot springs, Qucai hot springs in Tibet and Tengchong hot springs in Yunnan, China. 16S rRNA gene based phylogeny and phylogenomic analyses based on concatenated set of 971 Orthologous Protein Families (supermatrix and gene content methods) revealed a mixed distribution of the Thermus strains. Whole genome based phylogenetic analysis showed, all 16 Thermus strains belong to five species; Thermus oshimai (YIM QC-2-109, YIM 1640, YIM 1627, 77359, 77923, 77838), Thermusantranikianii (YIM 73052, 77412, 77311, 71206), Thermus brokianus (YIM 73518, 71318, 72351), Thermus hydrothermalis (YIM 730264 and 77927) and one potential novel species 77420 forming clade with Thermus thalpophilus SYSU G00506T. Although the genomes of different strains of Thermus of same species were highly similar in their metabolic pathways, but subtle differences were found. CRISPR loci were detected through genome-wide screening, which showed that Thermus isolates from two different thermal locations had well developed defense system against viruses and adopt similar strategy for survival. Additionally, comparative genome analysis screened competence loci across all the Thermus genomes which could be helpful to acquire DNA from environment. In the present study it was found that Thermus isolates use two mechanism of incomplete denitrification pathway, some Thermus strains produces nitric oxide while others nitrious oxide (dinitrogen oxide), which show the heterotrophic lifestyle of Thermus genus. All isolated organisms encoded complete pathways for glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and pentose phosphate. Calvin Benson Bassham cycle genes were identified in genomes of T. oshimai and T. antranikianii strains, while genomes of all T. brokianus strains and organism 77420 were lacking. Arsenic, cadmium and cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistant genes were detected in genomes of all sequenced Thermus strains. Strains 77,420, 77,311, 73,518, 77,412 and 72,351 genomes were found harboring genes for siderophores production. Sox gene clusters were identified in all sequenced genomes, except strain YIM 730264, suggesting a mode of chemolithotrophy. Through the comparative genomic analysis, we also identified 77420 as the genome type species and its validity as novel organism was confirmed by whole genome sequences comparison. Although isolate 77420 had 99.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with T. thalpophilus SYSU G00506T but based on ANI 95.86% (Jspecies) and digital DDH 68.80% (GGDC) values differentiate it as a potential novel species. Similarly, in the phylogenomic tree, the novel isolate 77,420 forming a separate branch with their closest reference type strain T. thalpophilus SYSU G00506T.
期刊介绍:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek publishes papers on fundamental and applied aspects of microbiology. Topics of particular interest include: taxonomy, structure & development; biochemistry & molecular biology; physiology & metabolic studies; genetics; ecological studies; especially molecular ecology; marine microbiology; medical microbiology; molecular biological aspects of microbial pathogenesis and bioinformatics.