Miscarriage

Abstract

A miscarriage is the early loss of a pregnancy. Miscarriage can happen any time between your last menstrual period and 20 weeks of pregnancy. After 20 weeks, a pregnancy loss is called a stillbirth. Most miscarriages happen before 14 weeks of pregnancy.

Miscarriage happens in about 15% to 20% of pregnancies. The true number is unknown because many happen before the person knows they are pregnant.

Usually there is no known cause. About half of all miscarriages are caused by genetic problems. Pregnancy loss is more common in older people and those who have had a miscarriage before. Medical problems like diabetes or thyroid disease, smoking, or alcohol use can increase the chance of miscarriage. A miscarriage can happen to anyone.

The most common signs of miscarriage are vaginal bleeding, cramping, or pain in your lower abdomen or back. These symptoms don't always mean a miscarriage will happen. Sometimes a miscarriage can occur without any warning.

A miscarriage is diagnosed by ultrasound. The ultrasound will show that the fetus does not have a heartbeat. Blood tests can also be done to check your levels of the pregnancy hormone (HCG). This can be helpful if your health care provider thinks you are having a miscarriage.

When someone is having a miscarriage before 20 weeks, nothing can be done to stop it. There are several options after you know you are miscarrying. The best option depends on how far along the pregnancy is, how healthy you are, and if other problems are happening. Your desires and your health care provider's advice are important too.

If your pregnancy is more than 16 weeks, your health care provider may admit you to the hospital to induce labor. This process can take some time and may involve the use of several medications. You will receive care during the process to support you and answer questions. You may be asked if you want to see the fetus.

When you become pregnant again, be sure to tell your health care provider that you have a history of pregnancy loss. They will check you out and tell you about your specific chance of having another miscarriage.

Flesch Kincaid score 7.1

Approved June 2024. This handout replaces “Miscarriage” published in Volume 58, Number 4, July/August 2013.

This page may be reproduced for noncommercial use by health care professionals to share with clients. Any other reproduction is subject to the Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health's approval. The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis. For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, the Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health suggests that you consult your health care provider.