Rahul Pendurthi, Najam U Sakib, Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf, Zhiyu Zhang, Yongwen Sun, Chen Chen, Darsith Jayachandran, Aaryan Oberoi, Subir Ghosh, Shalini Kumari, Sergei P. Stepanoff, Divya Somvanshi, Yang Yang, Joan M. Redwing, Douglas E. Wolfe, Saptarshi Das
{"title":"Monolithic three-dimensional integration of complementary two-dimensional field-effect transistors","authors":"Rahul Pendurthi, Najam U Sakib, Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf, Zhiyu Zhang, Yongwen Sun, Chen Chen, Darsith Jayachandran, Aaryan Oberoi, Subir Ghosh, Shalini Kumari, Sergei P. Stepanoff, Divya Somvanshi, Yang Yang, Joan M. Redwing, Douglas E. Wolfe, Saptarshi Das","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01705-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The semiconductor industry is transitioning to the ‘More Moore’ era, driven by the adoption of three-dimensional (3D) integration schemes surpassing the limitations of traditional two-dimensional scaling. Although innovative packaging solutions have made 3D integrated circuits (ICs) commercially viable, the inclusion of through-silicon vias and microbumps brings about increased area overhead and introduces parasitic capacitances that limit overall performance. Monolithic 3D integration (M3D) is regarded as the future of 3D ICs, yet its application faces hurdles in silicon ICs due to restricted thermal processing budgets in upper tiers, which can degrade device performance. To overcome these limitations, emerging materials like carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional semiconductors have been integrated into the back end of silicon ICs. Here we report the M3D integration of complementary WSe2 FETs, in which n-type FETs are placed in tier 1 and p-type FETs are placed in tier 2. In particular, we achieve dense and scaled integration through 300 nm vias with a pitch of <1 µm, connecting more than 300 devices in tiers 1 and 2. Moreover, we have effectively implemented vertically integrated logic gates, encompassing inverters, NAND gates and NOR gates. Our demonstration highlights the two-dimensional materials’ role in advancing M3D integration in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits. Monolithic 3D integration of complementary WSe2 FETs has been achieved, featuring n-type FETs in tier 1 and p-type FETs in tier 2. Dense vias are realized using a pitch of less than 1 µm, facilitating 3D inverters as well as NAND and NOR logic functionalities.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature nanotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01705-2","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The semiconductor industry is transitioning to the ‘More Moore’ era, driven by the adoption of three-dimensional (3D) integration schemes surpassing the limitations of traditional two-dimensional scaling. Although innovative packaging solutions have made 3D integrated circuits (ICs) commercially viable, the inclusion of through-silicon vias and microbumps brings about increased area overhead and introduces parasitic capacitances that limit overall performance. Monolithic 3D integration (M3D) is regarded as the future of 3D ICs, yet its application faces hurdles in silicon ICs due to restricted thermal processing budgets in upper tiers, which can degrade device performance. To overcome these limitations, emerging materials like carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional semiconductors have been integrated into the back end of silicon ICs. Here we report the M3D integration of complementary WSe2 FETs, in which n-type FETs are placed in tier 1 and p-type FETs are placed in tier 2. In particular, we achieve dense and scaled integration through 300 nm vias with a pitch of <1 µm, connecting more than 300 devices in tiers 1 and 2. Moreover, we have effectively implemented vertically integrated logic gates, encompassing inverters, NAND gates and NOR gates. Our demonstration highlights the two-dimensional materials’ role in advancing M3D integration in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits. Monolithic 3D integration of complementary WSe2 FETs has been achieved, featuring n-type FETs in tier 1 and p-type FETs in tier 2. Dense vias are realized using a pitch of less than 1 µm, facilitating 3D inverters as well as NAND and NOR logic functionalities.
期刊介绍:
Nature Nanotechnology is a prestigious journal that publishes high-quality papers in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The journal focuses on the design, characterization, and production of structures, devices, and systems that manipulate and control materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales. It encompasses both bottom-up and top-down approaches, as well as their combinations.
Furthermore, Nature Nanotechnology fosters the exchange of ideas among researchers from diverse disciplines such as chemistry, physics, material science, biomedical research, engineering, and more. It promotes collaboration at the forefront of this multidisciplinary field. The journal covers a wide range of topics, from fundamental research in physics, chemistry, and biology, including computational work and simulations, to the development of innovative devices and technologies for various industrial sectors such as information technology, medicine, manufacturing, high-performance materials, energy, and environmental technologies. It includes coverage of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials.