Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02090-0
Shu Zhang, Puyi Ma, Oubo You, Shenghan Zhou, Kaijun Feng, Hongyi Yuan, Jinhao Zhang, Chenchen Wu, Yang Luo, Bei Yang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Xiaoxia Yang, Xiangdong Guo, Yichun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Qing Dai
Advances in polaritonic materials, where coupling between light and matter creates hybrid states, have enhanced our ability to control light propagation at nano and atomic scales. Conventional polariton modulation techniques, particularly topological modulation, are limited by the stringent momentum-matching requirement between light and the material’s coupling mode. Here we propose a phonon-engineering strategy that utilizes anisotropic phononic materials in α-MoO3 to transform circular surface polaritons into hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons (HALPs) in high-symmetry AlN semiconductors. This approach circumvents the strict requirement for momentum matching via phonon-induced anisotropic Lorentz-type dielectric oscillations. Our system shows broadband modulation of HALP in AlN (~55 cm−1), achieving an approximate 90° tuning range for the isofrequency contour’s open angle. This enables precise phase control for diffraction-free zero-phase propagation. Notably, precise control of atomic isotopes and crystal structure allows further modulation of HALP propagation directions. Our strategy can be generalized to other systems to achieve hyperbolic polaritons in high-symmetry materials.
{"title":"Phonon engineering enables hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons","authors":"Shu Zhang, Puyi Ma, Oubo You, Shenghan Zhou, Kaijun Feng, Hongyi Yuan, Jinhao Zhang, Chenchen Wu, Yang Luo, Bei Yang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Xiaoxia Yang, Xiangdong Guo, Yichun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Qing Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02090-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02090-0","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in polaritonic materials, where coupling between light and matter creates hybrid states, have enhanced our ability to control light propagation at nano and atomic scales. Conventional polariton modulation techniques, particularly topological modulation, are limited by the stringent momentum-matching requirement between light and the material’s coupling mode. Here we propose a phonon-engineering strategy that utilizes anisotropic phononic materials in α-MoO3 to transform circular surface polaritons into hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons (HALPs) in high-symmetry AlN semiconductors. This approach circumvents the strict requirement for momentum matching via phonon-induced anisotropic Lorentz-type dielectric oscillations. Our system shows broadband modulation of HALP in AlN (~55 cm−1), achieving an approximate 90° tuning range for the isofrequency contour’s open angle. This enables precise phase control for diffraction-free zero-phase propagation. Notably, precise control of atomic isotopes and crystal structure allows further modulation of HALP propagation directions. Our strategy can be generalized to other systems to achieve hyperbolic polaritons in high-symmetry materials.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02086-w
Kun Zhou, Minhwan Chung, Shankar Pandey, Jing Cheng, John T. Powell, Qi Yan, Jun Liu, Yong Xiong, Martin A. Schwartz, Chenxiang Lin
Force-induced changes in protein structure and function mediate cellular responses to mechanical stresses that are important in human development, physiology and diseases. However, existing methods to study proteins under mechanical force are generally single-molecule techniques unsuitable for biochemical and structural analysis. Taking advantage of DNA nanotechnology, including the well-defined geometry of DNA origami and the programmable mechanics of DNA hairpins, we built a nanodevice to apply controlled forces to proteins. This device was used to study the R1-R2 segment of the talin1 rod domain as a model protein. R1-R2 consists of two α-helical bundles that reversibly unfold under tension to expose binding sites for the cytoskeletal protein vinculin. Electron microscopy confirmed tension-dependent protein extension, and biochemical analysis demonstrated enhanced vinculin binding under tension. Using the device in pull-down assays with cell lysates, we identified filamins as novel tension-dependent talin binders. The DNA nanodevice thus provides a valuable molecular tool for studying mechanosensitive proteins on a biochemical scale.
{"title":"DNA nanodevice for analysis of force-activated protein extension and interactions","authors":"Kun Zhou, Minhwan Chung, Shankar Pandey, Jing Cheng, John T. Powell, Qi Yan, Jun Liu, Yong Xiong, Martin A. Schwartz, Chenxiang Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02086-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02086-w","url":null,"abstract":"Force-induced changes in protein structure and function mediate cellular responses to mechanical stresses that are important in human development, physiology and diseases. However, existing methods to study proteins under mechanical force are generally single-molecule techniques unsuitable for biochemical and structural analysis. Taking advantage of DNA nanotechnology, including the well-defined geometry of DNA origami and the programmable mechanics of DNA hairpins, we built a nanodevice to apply controlled forces to proteins. This device was used to study the R1-R2 segment of the talin1 rod domain as a model protein. R1-R2 consists of two α-helical bundles that reversibly unfold under tension to expose binding sites for the cytoskeletal protein vinculin. Electron microscopy confirmed tension-dependent protein extension, and biochemical analysis demonstrated enhanced vinculin binding under tension. Using the device in pull-down assays with cell lysates, we identified filamins as novel tension-dependent talin binders. The DNA nanodevice thus provides a valuable molecular tool for studying mechanosensitive proteins on a biochemical scale.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02089-7
Guoyun Gao, Bo Wen, Ni Yang, Zhiyuan Du, Mingrui Jiang, Ruibin Mao, Rui Qiu, Yingnan Cao, Hongxia Xue, Deng Zou, Pak San Yip, Qihan Liu, Yi Wan, Dong-Keun Ki, Jinyao Tang, Paddy K. L. Chan, Hao Jiang, Han Wang, Lain-Jong Li, Can Li
The explosion of artificial intelligence and edge devices has exposed a critical bottleneck in traditional hardware: the slow data transfer between memory and processing. Content-addressable memories offer a promising solution by processing information directly within the memory, but existing implementations using static random-access memory and, more recently, those using emerging non-volatile memories are constrained by the performance of silicon transistors. Here we introduce an analogue content-addressable memory utilizing atomically thin two-dimensional MoS2 flash memories with semimetal antimony contacts. Our device achieves a high read-out current (60 μA μm−1) and large ON/OFF ratios (>109) in two-dimensional flash memories. These breakthroughs have led to very low energy consumption (under 0.1 fJ per search per cell) and latency (36 ps) during analogue in-memory search operations within our 8 × 16 analogue content-addressable memory array, featuring 256 MoS2 flash memory devices. We have also successfully demonstrated analogue Hamming distance computing for k-nearest neighbour classification, showcasing high accuracy, high energy efficiency and low latency for machine learning applications. This research highlights the transformative potential of two-dimensional materials in overcoming current hardware limitations, enabling more efficient and scalable computing solutions in intelligent edge devices.
{"title":"Sb-contacted MoS2 flash memory for analogue in-memory searches","authors":"Guoyun Gao, Bo Wen, Ni Yang, Zhiyuan Du, Mingrui Jiang, Ruibin Mao, Rui Qiu, Yingnan Cao, Hongxia Xue, Deng Zou, Pak San Yip, Qihan Liu, Yi Wan, Dong-Keun Ki, Jinyao Tang, Paddy K. L. Chan, Hao Jiang, Han Wang, Lain-Jong Li, Can Li","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02089-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02089-7","url":null,"abstract":"The explosion of artificial intelligence and edge devices has exposed a critical bottleneck in traditional hardware: the slow data transfer between memory and processing. Content-addressable memories offer a promising solution by processing information directly within the memory, but existing implementations using static random-access memory and, more recently, those using emerging non-volatile memories are constrained by the performance of silicon transistors. Here we introduce an analogue content-addressable memory utilizing atomically thin two-dimensional MoS2 flash memories with semimetal antimony contacts. Our device achieves a high read-out current (60 μA μm−1) and large ON/OFF ratios (>109) in two-dimensional flash memories. These breakthroughs have led to very low energy consumption (under 0.1 fJ per search per cell) and latency (36 ps) during analogue in-memory search operations within our 8 × 16 analogue content-addressable memory array, featuring 256 MoS2 flash memory devices. We have also successfully demonstrated analogue Hamming distance computing for k-nearest neighbour classification, showcasing high accuracy, high energy efficiency and low latency for machine learning applications. This research highlights the transformative potential of two-dimensional materials in overcoming current hardware limitations, enabling more efficient and scalable computing solutions in intelligent edge devices.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02076-y
Steffen Weinmann, Lucie Quincke, Lisa Winkler, Jesse J Hinricher, Fran Kurnia, Kun Joong Kim, Jennifer L M Rupp
The rapid rise of functional ceramics across various sectors, including electronics, energy storage and automotive, is projected to drive annual growth rates of up to 35% until 2030. With this significant growth, the substantial energy required for mining and ceramic manufacturing leads to notable greenhouse gas emissions. In this Review, we discuss measures to enhance the sustainability of functional ceramic materials, including low-energy and low-CO2 production methods. We evaluate their potential impact and technology readiness for functional ceramics with different nanoscale architectures and varying levels of structural and chemical complexity across diverse fields. We examine end-of-life recycling strategies and assess the role of critical raw materials in both established and rapidly growing markets, concluding with a discussion of supporting policy measures. Through this work, we propose a tangible action plan to lower CO2-equivalent emissions in producing future functional ceramics, whether through synthesis techniques, manufacturing tools, densification processes, or chemical and reaction protocols. This provides a blueprint for designing and manufacturing the next generation of more sustainable functional ceramic materials.
{"title":"Sustainable functional ceramics.","authors":"Steffen Weinmann, Lucie Quincke, Lisa Winkler, Jesse J Hinricher, Fran Kurnia, Kun Joong Kim, Jennifer L M Rupp","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02076-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02076-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid rise of functional ceramics across various sectors, including electronics, energy storage and automotive, is projected to drive annual growth rates of up to 35% until 2030. With this significant growth, the substantial energy required for mining and ceramic manufacturing leads to notable greenhouse gas emissions. In this Review, we discuss measures to enhance the sustainability of functional ceramic materials, including low-energy and low-CO<sub>2</sub> production methods. We evaluate their potential impact and technology readiness for functional ceramics with different nanoscale architectures and varying levels of structural and chemical complexity across diverse fields. We examine end-of-life recycling strategies and assess the role of critical raw materials in both established and rapidly growing markets, concluding with a discussion of supporting policy measures. Through this work, we propose a tangible action plan to lower CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emissions in producing future functional ceramics, whether through synthesis techniques, manufacturing tools, densification processes, or chemical and reaction protocols. This provides a blueprint for designing and manufacturing the next generation of more sustainable functional ceramic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02096-8
Mark Peplow
{"title":"Brain-computer interfaces race to the clinic.","authors":"Mark Peplow","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02096-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02096-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02058-0
Aurore Dupin, Ohad Vonshak, Valerie Nir, Maya Levanon, Noa Avidan, Yiftach Divon, Steve Peleg, Seth Thompson, Vincent Noireaux, Shirley S. Daube, Roy H. Bar-Ziv
Cell-free synthetic biology approaches offer biosafe, low-cost and versatile genetic tools to advance therapeutic research and development. Measuring the antibody response to a range of target and off-target proteins is essential for deep immuno-profiling of therapeutic antibodies and individual patient immune responses. Here we extend a previously developed microfluidic-free biochip platform to quantitatively reconstitute interactions of cell-free synthesized antigens with antibodies in miniaturized, photolithographically patterned compartments from localized gene brushes. This creates a continuous density gradient of antigens displayed on the surface, generating multiple antibody binding curves, one in each single nanolitre-volume compartment for affinity determination. We used SARS-CoV-2 antigens to profile the specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies to more than 30 viral epitopes, which were synthesized simultaneously on a single chip. We also profiled polyclonal antibodies in a total of 1 μl of human serum, revealing patient-specific epitope profiles that are difficult to detect by conventional approaches. By spatially separating gene brushes in the compartment, we extended the gradient approach to reconstitute the interaction of on-chip cell-free expressed human ACE2 receptor with the viral receptor-binding domain in a specific manner. This on-chip genetically programmed approach enables rapid and quantitative interrogation of complex protein–protein interactions, without protein purification steps, for human immuno-profiling and preparedness for emerging pathogens.
{"title":"Cell-free immuno-profiling on a genetically programmed biochip","authors":"Aurore Dupin, Ohad Vonshak, Valerie Nir, Maya Levanon, Noa Avidan, Yiftach Divon, Steve Peleg, Seth Thompson, Vincent Noireaux, Shirley S. Daube, Roy H. Bar-Ziv","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02058-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02058-0","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-free synthetic biology approaches offer biosafe, low-cost and versatile genetic tools to advance therapeutic research and development. Measuring the antibody response to a range of target and off-target proteins is essential for deep immuno-profiling of therapeutic antibodies and individual patient immune responses. Here we extend a previously developed microfluidic-free biochip platform to quantitatively reconstitute interactions of cell-free synthesized antigens with antibodies in miniaturized, photolithographically patterned compartments from localized gene brushes. This creates a continuous density gradient of antigens displayed on the surface, generating multiple antibody binding curves, one in each single nanolitre-volume compartment for affinity determination. We used SARS-CoV-2 antigens to profile the specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies to more than 30 viral epitopes, which were synthesized simultaneously on a single chip. We also profiled polyclonal antibodies in a total of 1 μl of human serum, revealing patient-specific epitope profiles that are difficult to detect by conventional approaches. By spatially separating gene brushes in the compartment, we extended the gradient approach to reconstitute the interaction of on-chip cell-free expressed human ACE2 receptor with the viral receptor-binding domain in a specific manner. This on-chip genetically programmed approach enables rapid and quantitative interrogation of complex protein–protein interactions, without protein purification steps, for human immuno-profiling and preparedness for emerging pathogens.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02031-x
Hyunjin Jung, Daeyeon Lee, Kyoungryong Kim, Heewon Choi, Soojung An, Youngwan Lee, Sungjun Lee, Jiyong Yoon, Duhwan Seong, Yewon Kim, Jaepyo Jang, Subin Jin, Sumin Kim, Jeungeun Kum, Hyeok Kim, Sang Min Won, Hyungmin Kim, Seung-Pyo Lee, Hyung-Seop Han, Mikyung Shin, BongSoo Kim, Donghee Son
Conformal integration of electronics with soft, irregular organ topologies remains challenging, as tissue-like platforms with bulky dimensions ranging from a few millimetres to several hundred micrometres result in incomplete signal acquisition and chronic tissue compression. Although ultrathin nanoscale devices have recently been developed to address these challenges, they involve complex and delicate handling processes that limit their practical use and compromise their intrinsic performance. Here we present the development of a transformable and imperceptible hydrogel–elastomer adhesive bilayer based on ionic–electronic conductive nanomembranes (THIN) with a thickness of 350 nm. This approach leverages the amphiphilic properties and the combination of a hydrophilic tissue-adhesive hydrogel and a hydrophobic semiconducting elastomer. Dynamic bonding interactions at a heterogeneous interface, formed through a spin-coating process using orthogonal solvents, facilitate full compatibility with microfabrication. THIN exhibits an instantaneous rigid-to-soft phase transformation, transitioning from a hardness of 1.35 to 0.035 GPa and a stiffness of 0.16 to 9.08 × 10−5 GPa μm4, enabling facile handling when dried. On hydration, THIN achieves complete conformal contact with diverse surfaces, including those with low bending radii, along with rapid spontaneous adhesiveness. To demonstrate the unique electrical and mechanical characteristics, THIN was integrated into the active channel of an organic electrochemical transistor with a high µC* (µ, charge-carrier mobility; C*, volumetric capacitance). The resulting THIN-OECT exhibited an exceptional strain-insensitive ion–electron conduction performance, facilitating imperceptible tissue interfacing and precise biosignal monitoring through transformable phase changes.
{"title":"Hydrogel–elastomer-based conductive nanomembranes for soft bioelectronics","authors":"Hyunjin Jung, Daeyeon Lee, Kyoungryong Kim, Heewon Choi, Soojung An, Youngwan Lee, Sungjun Lee, Jiyong Yoon, Duhwan Seong, Yewon Kim, Jaepyo Jang, Subin Jin, Sumin Kim, Jeungeun Kum, Hyeok Kim, Sang Min Won, Hyungmin Kim, Seung-Pyo Lee, Hyung-Seop Han, Mikyung Shin, BongSoo Kim, Donghee Son","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02031-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02031-x","url":null,"abstract":"Conformal integration of electronics with soft, irregular organ topologies remains challenging, as tissue-like platforms with bulky dimensions ranging from a few millimetres to several hundred micrometres result in incomplete signal acquisition and chronic tissue compression. Although ultrathin nanoscale devices have recently been developed to address these challenges, they involve complex and delicate handling processes that limit their practical use and compromise their intrinsic performance. Here we present the development of a transformable and imperceptible hydrogel–elastomer adhesive bilayer based on ionic–electronic conductive nanomembranes (THIN) with a thickness of 350 nm. This approach leverages the amphiphilic properties and the combination of a hydrophilic tissue-adhesive hydrogel and a hydrophobic semiconducting elastomer. Dynamic bonding interactions at a heterogeneous interface, formed through a spin-coating process using orthogonal solvents, facilitate full compatibility with microfabrication. THIN exhibits an instantaneous rigid-to-soft phase transformation, transitioning from a hardness of 1.35 to 0.035 GPa and a stiffness of 0.16 to 9.08 × 10−5 GPa μm4, enabling facile handling when dried. On hydration, THIN achieves complete conformal contact with diverse surfaces, including those with low bending radii, along with rapid spontaneous adhesiveness. To demonstrate the unique electrical and mechanical characteristics, THIN was integrated into the active channel of an organic electrochemical transistor with a high µC* (µ, charge-carrier mobility; C*, volumetric capacitance). The resulting THIN-OECT exhibited an exceptional strain-insensitive ion–electron conduction performance, facilitating imperceptible tissue interfacing and precise biosignal monitoring through transformable phase changes.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02066-0
Hanbin Song, Xueyue Zhang, Lukasz Komza, Niccolo Fiaschi, Yihuang Xiong, Yiyang Zhi, Scott Dhuey, Adam Schwartzberg, Thomas Schenkel, Geoffroy Hautier, Zi-Huai Zhang, Alp Sipahigil
Colour centres provide an optical interface to quantum registers based on electron and nuclear spin qubits in solids. The T centre in silicon is an emerging spin–photon interface that combines telecom O-band optical transitions and an electron spin in a scalable photonics platform. Here we integrate T centres into single-mode photonic waveguides in a silicon-on-insulator platform. We demonstrate the initialization, coherent control and state read-out of a three-qubit register based on the electron spin of a T centre coupled to a hydrogen and a silicon nuclear spin. The spin register exhibits spin echo coherence times of 0.41(2) ms for the electron spin, 112(12) ms for the hydrogen nuclear spin and 67(7) ms for the silicon nuclear spin. We use nuclear–nuclear two-qubit gates to generate entanglement between the two nuclear spins with a fidelity of F = 0.77(3) and a coherence time of ({T}_{2}^{* }=2.60(8)) ms. Our results show that a T centre in silicon photonics can realize a multi-qubit register with an optical interface for quantum communication.
{"title":"Entanglement of a nuclear spin qubit register in silicon photonics","authors":"Hanbin Song, Xueyue Zhang, Lukasz Komza, Niccolo Fiaschi, Yihuang Xiong, Yiyang Zhi, Scott Dhuey, Adam Schwartzberg, Thomas Schenkel, Geoffroy Hautier, Zi-Huai Zhang, Alp Sipahigil","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02066-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02066-0","url":null,"abstract":"Colour centres provide an optical interface to quantum registers based on electron and nuclear spin qubits in solids. The T centre in silicon is an emerging spin–photon interface that combines telecom O-band optical transitions and an electron spin in a scalable photonics platform. Here we integrate T centres into single-mode photonic waveguides in a silicon-on-insulator platform. We demonstrate the initialization, coherent control and state read-out of a three-qubit register based on the electron spin of a T centre coupled to a hydrogen and a silicon nuclear spin. The spin register exhibits spin echo coherence times of 0.41(2) ms for the electron spin, 112(12) ms for the hydrogen nuclear spin and 67(7) ms for the silicon nuclear spin. We use nuclear–nuclear two-qubit gates to generate entanglement between the two nuclear spins with a fidelity of F = 0.77(3) and a coherence time of ({T}_{2}^{* }=2.60(8)) ms. Our results show that a T centre in silicon photonics can realize a multi-qubit register with an optical interface for quantum communication.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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