Nature nanotechnology最新文献

英文中文

A cascade X-ray energy converting approach toward radio-afterglow cancer theranostics 一种级联 X 射线能量转换方法，用于放射后辉光癌症疗法

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01809-9

Cheng Xu, Xue Qin, Xin Wei, Jie Yu, Youjia Zhang, Yan Zhang, Dan Ding, Jibin Song, Kanyi Pu

Leveraging X-rays to initiate prolonged luminescence (radio-afterglow) and stimulate radiodynamic ¹O₂ production from optical agents provides opportunities for diagnosis and therapy at tissue depths inaccessible to light. However, X-ray-responsive organic luminescent materials are rare due to their intrinsic low X-ray conversion efficiency. Here we report a cascade X-ray energy converting approach to develop organic radio-afterglow nanoprobes (RANPs) for cancer theranostics. RANPs comprise a radiowave absorber that down-converts X-ray energy to emit radioluminescence, which is transferred to a radiosensitizer to produce singlet oxygen (¹O₂). ¹O₂ then reacts with a radio-afterglow substrate to generate an active intermediate that simultaneously decomposes to emit radio-afterglow. Through finetuning such a cascade, intraparticle radioluminescence energy transfer and the ¹O₂ transfer process, RANPs possess tunable wavelengths and long half-lives, and generate radio-afterglow and ¹O₂ at tissue depths of up to 15 cm. Moreover, we developed a biomarker-activatable nanoprobe (tRANP) that produces a tumour-specific radio-afterglow signal, leading to ultrasensitive detection and the possibility of surgical removal of diminutive tumours (1 mm³) under an X-ray dosage 20 times lower than inorganic materials. The efficient radiodynamic ¹O₂ generation of tRANP permits complete tumour eradication at an X-ray dosage lower than clinical radiotherapy and a drug dosage one to two orders of magnitude lower than most existing inorganic agents, leading to prolonged survival rates with minimized radiation-related adverse effects. Thus, our work reveals a generic approach to address the lack of organic radiotheranostic materials and provides molecular design towards precision cancer radiotherapy.

利用 X 射线启动长时间发光（放射余辉）并刺激光学制剂产生放射动力 1O2 为在光线无法到达的组织深度进行诊断和治疗提供了机会。然而，X 射线响应型有机发光材料因其固有的低 X 射线转换效率而十分罕见。在此，我们报告了一种级联 X 射线能量转换方法，以开发用于癌症治疗的有机放射余辉纳米探针（RANPs）。RANPs 由一个辐射波吸收器组成，该吸收器能向下转换 X 射线能量，从而发出辐射光，辐射光转移到辐射增敏剂上，产生单线态氧（1O2）。然后，1O2 与放射余辉基质反应生成活性中间体，活性中间体同时分解并发出放射余辉。通过对这种级联、粒子内放射发光能量转移和 1O2 转移过程进行微调，RANPs 具有可调波长和长半衰期，可在组织深度达 15 厘米处产生放射余辉和 1O2。此外，我们还开发了一种可激活生物标记物的纳米探针（tRANP），它能产生肿瘤特异性的放射余辉信号，从而实现超灵敏检测，并能在 X 射线剂量比无机材料低 20 倍的情况下，对微小肿瘤（1 立方毫米）进行手术切除。tRANP 的高效放射动力 1O2 生成允许以低于临床放疗的 X 射线剂量和比大多数现有无机制剂低一到两个数量级的药物剂量彻底根除肿瘤，从而延长生存率并最大限度地减少与辐射相关的不良反应。因此，我们的工作揭示了一种解决有机放射治疗材料缺乏问题的通用方法，并为实现精准癌症放射治疗提供了分子设计。

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引用次数: 0

Organic radio-afterglow nanoprobes for cancer theranostics 用于癌症治疗的有机放射余辉纳米探针

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01810-2

Leveraging X-rays to induce prolonged luminescence (radio-afterglow) and radiodynamic effects from typically inorganic optical agents enables diagnosis and therapy at light-inaccessible tissue depths. Now, a cascade X-ray energy conversion approach is developed to increase the intrinsically low X-ray conversion efficiency of organic molecules for the construction of radio-afterglow nanoprobes for cancer theranostics.

利用 X 射线诱导典型的无机光学制剂产生长时间发光（放射余辉）和放射动力学效应，可在光线无法到达的组织深度进行诊断和治疗。现在，我们开发了一种级联 X 射线能量转换方法，以提高有机分子固有的低 X 射线转换效率，从而构建用于癌症治疗的放射余辉纳米探针。

引用次数: 0

A DNA turbine powered by a transmembrane potential across a nanopore 一种DNA涡轮机，由纳米孔上的跨膜电位提供动力。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01527-8

Xin Shi, Anna-Katharina Pumm, Christopher Maffeo, Fabian Kohler, Elija Feigl, Wenxuan Zhao, Daniel Verschueren, Ramin Golestanian, Aleksei Aksimentiev, Hendrik Dietz, Cees Dekker

Rotary motors play key roles in energy transduction, from macroscale windmills to nanoscale turbines such as ATP synthase in cells. Despite our abilities to construct engines at many scales, developing functional synthetic turbines at the nanoscale has remained challenging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate rationally designed nanoscale DNA origami turbines with three chiral blades. These DNA nanoturbines are 24–27 nm in height and diameter and can utilize transmembrane electrochemical potentials across nanopores to drive DNA bundles into sustained unidirectional rotations of up to 10 revolutions s−1. The rotation direction is set by the designed chirality of the turbine. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show how hydrodynamic flows drive this turbine. At high salt concentrations, the rotation direction of turbines with the same chirality is reversed, which is explained by a change in the anisotropy of the electrophoretic mobility. Our artificial turbines operate autonomously in physiological conditions, converting energy from naturally abundant electrochemical potentials into mechanical work. The results open new possibilities for engineering active robotics at the nanoscale. A nanoscale DNA origami turbine is shown to perform mechanical rotation by directly harvesting transmembrane potential energy from an ion-concentration gradient across a solid-state nanopore. The direction of rotation is set by the designed chiral twist in the turbine’s blades.

旋转电机在能量传递中发挥着关键作用，从大型风车到细胞中的ATP合成酶等纳米级涡轮机。尽管我们有能力在许多规模上制造发动机，但在纳米尺度上开发功能性合成涡轮机仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们通过实验展示了合理设计的具有三个手性叶片的纳米级DNA折纸涡轮机。这些DNA纳米涡轮机是24-27 纳米的高度和直径，并且可以利用跨纳米孔的跨膜电化学电势来驱动DNA束进入高达10 转数 s-1.旋转方向由涡轮机的设计手性设定。全原子分子动力学模拟显示了流体动力学流是如何驱动这种涡轮机的。在高盐浓度下，具有相同手性的涡轮机的旋转方向相反，这可以通过电泳迁移率的各向异性的变化来解释。我们的人造涡轮机在生理条件下自主运行，将自然丰富的电化学电势中的能量转化为机械功。研究结果为在纳米尺度上设计主动机器人开辟了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Biohybrid nanoparticles for treating arthritis 用于治疗关节炎的生物杂化纳米颗粒。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01503-2

Ronnie H. Fang, Liangfang Zhang

A biohybrid nanoparticle formulation effectively treats rheumatoid arthritis by concurrently providing symptom relief and restoring proper immune function.

生物杂化纳米粒子配方可有效治疗类风湿性关节炎，同时缓解症状并恢复正常的免疫功能。

引用次数: 0

Ceria-vesicle nanohybrid therapeutic for modulation of innate and adaptive immunity in a collagen-induced arthritis model Ceria囊泡纳米杂交疗法在胶原诱导的关节炎模型中调节先天免疫和适应性免疫。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01523-y

Sagang Koo, Hee Su Sohn, Tae Hee Kim, Siyeon Yang, Se Youn Jang, Seongryeol Ye, Boomin Choi, Soo Hyeon Kim, Kyoung Sun Park, Hyun Mu Shin, Ok Kyu Park, Cheesue Kim, Mikyung Kang, Min Soh, Jin Yoo, Dokyoon Kim, Nohyun Lee, Byung-Soo Kim, Youngmee Jung, Taeghwan Hyeon

Commencing with the breakdown of immune tolerance, multiple pathogenic factors, including synovial inflammation and harmful cytokines, are conjointly involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Intervening to mitigate some of these factors can bring a short-term therapeutic effect, but other unresolved factors will continue to aggravate the disease. Here we developed a ceria nanoparticle-immobilized mesenchymal stem cell nanovesicle hybrid system to address multiple factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Each component of this nanohybrid works individually and also synergistically, resulting in comprehensive treatment. Alleviation of inflammation and modulation of the tissue environment into an immunotolerant-favourable state are combined to recover the immune system by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. The therapy is shown to successfully treat and prevent rheumatoid arthritis by relieving the main symptoms and also by restoring the immune system through the induction of regulatory T cells in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis involves both inflammation and immune dysfunction, yet most therapies only target one aspect. Here, the authors report on ceria nanoparticle vesicle hybrids producing anti-inflammatory action and immunomodulation to relieve symptoms and restore normal function.

从免疫耐受的崩溃开始，包括滑膜炎症和有害细胞因子在内的多种致病因素共同参与了类风湿性关节炎的进展。干预以减轻其中一些因素可以带来短期的治疗效果，但其他未解决的因素将继续加重疾病。在这里，我们开发了一种二氧化铈纳米颗粒固定的间充质干细胞纳米囊泡混合系统，以解决类风湿性关节炎的多种因素。这种纳米杂化物的每个组成部分都单独工作，也协同工作，从而产生综合处理。炎症的缓解和组织环境调节到免疫耐受的有利状态相结合，通过桥接先天免疫和适应性免疫来恢复免疫系统。该疗法通过缓解主要症状以及通过在胶原诱导的关节炎小鼠模型中诱导调节性T细胞来恢复免疫系统，被证明可以成功地治疗和预防类风湿性关节炎。

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引用次数: 0

Adapted poling to break the nonlinear efficiency limit in nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides 适用于极化以打破纳米光子铌酸锂波导的非线性效率限制。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01525-w

Pao-Kang Chen, Ian Briggs, Chaohan Cui, Liang Zhang, Manav Shah, Linran Fan

Nonlinear frequency mixing is a method to extend the wavelength range of optical sources with applications in quantum information and photonic signal processing. Lithium niobate with periodic poling is the most widely used material for frequency mixing due to its strong second-order nonlinear coefficient. The recent development using nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides promises to improve nonlinear efficiencies by orders of magnitude thanks to subwavelength optical confinement. However, the intrinsic nanoscale inhomogeneity of nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides limits the coherent interaction length, leading to low nonlinear efficiencies. Here we show improved second-order nonlinear efficiency in nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides that breaks the limit imposed by nanoscale inhomogeneity. This is realized by developing the adapted poling approach to eliminate the impact of nanoscale inhomogeneity. We realize an overall second-harmonic efficiency of 104% W−1 (without cavity enhancement), approaching the theoretical performance for nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides. The ideal square dependence of the nonlinear efficiency on the waveguide length is recovered. Phase-matching bandwidths and temperature tuneability are improved through dispersion engineering. We finally demonstrate a conversion ratio from pump to second-harmonic power greater than 80% in a single-pass configuration with pump power as low as 20 mW. Our work therefore breaks the trade-off between the conversion ratio and pump power, offering a potential solution for highly efficient and scalable nonlinear-optical sources, amplifiers and converters. A major limiting factor for nonlinear efficiencies in lithium niobate waveguides, nanoscale thickness inhomogeneity, has been tackled using a fabrication approach called adapted poling.

非线性混频是一种扩展光源波长范围的方法，应用于量子信息和光子信号处理。具有周期极化的铌酸锂由于其强的二阶非线性系数而成为应用最广泛的混频材料。由于亚波长的光学限制，最近使用纳米光子铌酸锂波导的发展有望将非线性效率提高几个数量级。然而，纳米光子铌酸锂波导固有的纳米级不均匀性限制了相干相互作用的长度，导致非线性效率低。在这里，我们展示了纳米光子铌酸锂波导中改进的二阶非线性效率，打破了纳米级不均匀性的限制。这是通过开发适用的极化方法来实现的，以消除纳米级不均匀性的影响。我们实现了104%的总二次谐波效率 W-1（没有腔增强），接近纳米光子铌酸锂波导的理论性能。恢复了非线性效率对波导长度的理想平方依赖性。通过色散工程提高了相位匹配带宽和温度可调谐性。我们最终证明了在泵浦功率低至20的单程配置中，从泵浦到二次谐波功率的转换率大于80% 因此，我们的工作打破了转换比和泵浦功率之间的权衡，为高效和可扩展的非线性光源、放大器和转换器提供了一个潜在的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

A rhythmically pulsing leaf-spring DNA-origami nanoengine that drives a passive follower 一个有节奏的脉冲叶片弹簧DNA折纸纳米引擎，驱动一个被动的追随者。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01516-x

Mathias Centola, Erik Poppleton, Sujay Ray, Martin Centola, Robb Welty, Julián Valero, Nils G. Walter, Petr Šulc, Michael Famulok

Molecular engineering seeks to create functional entities for modular use in the bottom-up design of nanoassemblies that can perform complex tasks. Such systems require fuel-consuming nanomotors that can actively drive downstream passive followers. Most artificial molecular motors are driven by Brownian motion, in which, with few exceptions, the generated forces are non-directed and insufficient for efficient transfer to passive second-level components. Consequently, efficient chemical-fuel-driven nanoscale driver–follower systems have not yet been realized. Here we present a DNA nanomachine (70 nm × 70 nm × 12 nm) driven by the chemical energy of DNA-templated RNA-transcription-consuming nucleoside triphosphates as fuel to generate a rhythmic pulsating motion of two rigid DNA-origami arms. Furthermore, we demonstrate actuation control and the simple coupling of the active nanomachine with a passive follower, to which it then transmits its motion, forming a true driver–follower pair. An autonomous DNA-origami nanomachine powered by the chemical energy of DNA-templated RNA-transcription-consuming nucleoside triphosphates as fuel performs rhythmic pulsations is demonstrated. In combination with a passive follower, the nanomachine acts as a mechanical driver with molecular precision.

分子工程旨在创建功能实体，用于自下而上设计可以执行复杂任务的纳米组件的模块化使用。这样的系统需要能够主动驱动下游无源跟随器的消耗燃料的纳米马达。大多数人造分子马达都是由布朗运动驱动的，在布朗运动中，除了少数例外，产生的力是非定向的，不足以有效地传递到被动的二级组件。因此，高效的化学燃料驱动的纳米级驱动器-跟随器系统尚未实现。在这里，我们展示了一台DNA纳米机器（70 纳米 × 70 纳米 × 12 nm），以产生两个刚性DNA折纸臂的有节奏的脉动运动。此外，我们展示了主动纳米机器与被动跟随器的驱动控制和简单耦合，然后将其运动传递给被动跟随器，形成真正的驱动器-跟随器对。

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引用次数: 0

Honeybee comb-inspired stiffness gradient-amplified catapult for solid particle repellency 蜂巢式刚度梯度放大弹射器，具有固体颗粒排斥性。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01524-x

Wei Zhang, Wei Jiang, Chao Zhang, Xuezhi Qin, Huanxi Zheng, Wanghuai Xu, Miaomiao Cui, Bin Wang, Jianing Wu, Zuankai Wang

Natural surfaces that repel foreign matter are ubiquitous and crucial for living organisms. Despite remarkable liquid repellency driven by surface energy in many organisms, repelling tiny solid particles from surfaces is rare. The main challenge lies in the unfavourable scaling of inertia versus adhesion in the microscale and the inability of solids to release surface energy. Here we report a previously unexplored solid repellency on a honeybee’s comb: a catapult-like effect to immediately eject pollen after grooming dirty antennae for self-cleaning. Nanoindentation tests revealed the 38-μm-long comb features a stiffness gradient spanning nearly two orders of magnitude from ~25 MPa at the tip to ~645 MPa at the base. This significantly augments the elastic energy storage and accelerates the subsequent conversion into kinetic energy. The reinforcement in energy storage and conversion allows the particle’s otherwise weak inertia to outweigh its adhesion, thereby suppressing the unfavourable scaling effect and realizing solid repellency that is impossible in conventional uniform designs. We capitalize on this to build an elastomeric bioinspired stiffness-gradient catapult and demonstrate its generality and practicality. Our findings advance the fundamental understanding of natural catapult phenomena with the potential to develop bioinspired stiffness-gradient materials, catapult-based actuators and robotic cleaners. Nanoindentation of the microscale honeybee comb reveals a stiffness gradient that spans two orders of magnitude, which amplifies the catapult effect and facilitates solid particle repellency. By leveraging this, the study presents the fabrication of scaled-up, bioinspired stiffness-gradient elastomeric catapult-like soft actuators.

排斥外来物质的天然表面无处不在，对生物体至关重要。尽管在许多生物体中，由表面能驱动的液体具有显著的排斥性，但将微小的固体颗粒从表面排斥是罕见的。主要的挑战在于在微观尺度上惯性相对于粘性的不利比例，以及固体无法释放表面能。在这里，我们报道了蜜蜂梳子上一种以前未被探索的固体排斥性：一种弹射器状的效果，在梳理脏的触角进行自我清洁后立即喷出花粉。纳米压痕测试显示，38微米长的梳状物的刚度梯度从~25跨越了近两个数量级尖端至~645的MPa MPa。这显著增加了弹性能量存储，并加速了随后转化为动能。能量存储和转换的增强使颗粒原本较弱的惯性超过了其粘附力，从而抑制了不利的结垢效应，并实现了传统均匀设计中不可能实现的固体排斥性。我们利用这一点构建了一个弹性体仿生刚度梯度弹射器，并展示了其通用性和实用性。我们的发现促进了对自然弹射器现象的基本理解，有可能开发生物启发的刚度梯度材料、基于弹射器的致动器和机器人清洁器。

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引用次数: 0

Nanotechnology for electrochemical energy storage 电化学储能的纳米技术。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01529-6

Adopting a nanoscale approach to developing materials and designing experiments benefits research on batteries, supercapacitors and hybrid devices at all technology readiness levels.

采用纳米级方法来开发材料和设计实验，有利于电池、超级电容器和混合设备研究在所有技术就绪水平上的发展。

引用次数: 0

Tin instead of lead for stable lasers 稳定激光器用锡代替铅。

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01537-6

Lu Shi

引用次数: 0

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