Electrically tunable space–time metasurfaces at optical frequencies

IF 38.1 1区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1038/s41565-024-01728-9
Jared Sisler, Prachi Thureja, Meir Y. Grajower, Ruzan Sokhoyan, Ivy Huang, Harry A. Atwater
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Abstract

Active metasurfaces enable dynamic manipulation of the scattered electromagnetic wavefront by spatially varying the phase and amplitude across arrays of subwavelength scatterers, imparting momentum to outgoing light. Similarly, periodic temporal modulation of active metasurfaces allows for manipulation of the output frequency of light. Here we combine spatial and temporal modulation in electrically modulated reflective metasurfaces operating at 1,530 nm to generate and diffract a spectrum of sidebands at megahertz frequencies. Temporal modulation with tailored waveforms enables the design of a spectrum of sidebands. By impressing a spatial phase gradient on the metasurface, we can diffract selected combinations of sideband frequencies. Combining active temporal and spatial variation can enable unique optical functions, such as frequency mixing, harmonic beam steering or shaping, and breaking of Lorentz reciprocity. Spatiotemporal modulation of an electrically driven metasurface generates harmonic frequencies in space at optical frequency.

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光频率下的电可调时空元表面。
有源元表面可通过改变亚波长散射体阵列的空间相位和振幅,对散射电磁波面进行动态操控,从而为出射光线注入动量。同样,对有源元表面进行周期性的时间调制,也能操纵光的输出频率。在这里,我们将空间调制与时间调制相结合,在波长为 1530 纳米的电调制反射元表面上产生并衍射出兆赫兹频率的边带光谱。使用定制波形进行时间调制可以设计边带频谱。通过在元表面施加空间相位梯度,我们可以衍射出选定的边带频率组合。将主动时间和空间变化结合起来,可以实现独特的光学功能,如混频、谐波光束转向或整形以及打破洛伦兹互易性。
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来源期刊
Nature nanotechnology
Nature nanotechnology 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
59.70
自引率
0.80%
发文量
196
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Nanotechnology is a prestigious journal that publishes high-quality papers in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The journal focuses on the design, characterization, and production of structures, devices, and systems that manipulate and control materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales. It encompasses both bottom-up and top-down approaches, as well as their combinations. Furthermore, Nature Nanotechnology fosters the exchange of ideas among researchers from diverse disciplines such as chemistry, physics, material science, biomedical research, engineering, and more. It promotes collaboration at the forefront of this multidisciplinary field. The journal covers a wide range of topics, from fundamental research in physics, chemistry, and biology, including computational work and simulations, to the development of innovative devices and technologies for various industrial sectors such as information technology, medicine, manufacturing, high-performance materials, energy, and environmental technologies. It includes coverage of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials.
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