Swinepox virus: an unusual outbreak in free-range pig farms in Sicily (Italy).

IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Porcine Health Management Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1186/s40813-024-00376-8
Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti, Dorotea Ippolito, Giusy Cardeti, Antonella Cersini, Luigi Bertolotti, Benedetta Amato, Barbara Colitti, Chiara Giudice, Flavia Pruiti Ciarello, Domenico Vicari, Maria Teresa Scicluna, Maria Teresa Capucchio, Rosita Calogero, Michele Fiasconaro
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Abstract

Background: Two outbreaks of swinepox were investigated in free-range domestic pig farms located in the northeastern side of Sicily, Italy. The disease is generally self-limiting with a low mortality rate, but morbidity can reach high rates in case of poor sanitary conditions, improper husbandry practices and ectoparasitic infestation. The presented cases are the first ever reported on the island and part of the few cases reported in domestic pigs.

Case presentation: Carcasses condemned at the slaughterhouse and deceased pigs from Farm A and Farm B respectively, were referred for post-mortem examination and further investigations, with a strong suspect of SwinePox virus (SWPV) infection. Twelve deceased pigs were examined in total, showing poor body condition and pustular lesions scattered all over the cutaneous surfaces. Moreover, pigs from Farm B showed ocular lesions classified from Grade I to IV (from mild conjunctivitis to severe keratoconjunctivitis with corneal oedema, opacity, and ulcers). Final diagnosis was pursued by the microscopic assessment of skin lesions in both farms, which revealed the typical SWPV-lesion appearance, such as severe and disseminated ulcerative dermatitis and suspected inclusion bodies multifocally observed in the epidermis. Moreover, negative staining Electron Microscopy (nsEM) was performed on skin lesions and ocular swabs from Farm B, revealing in two samples the presence of brick-shaped viral particles, 220 nm long and 160 nm wide, with irregularly arranged surface tubules, identified as SWPV. The gene encoding the 482-bp fragment of the virus late transcription factor-3 was detected by PCR and sequencing revealed 99.79% identity and 100% query-cover with a strain previously isolated in Germany. Field clinical assessment was then performed in Farm B, revealing high overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions and improper husbandry practices, which are relevant risk factors for SWPV transmission.

Conclusions: The present is the first case report of SWPV in free-range pigs raised in Sicily, an island of the Southern coast of Italy, and wants to raise awareness on a neglected disease, and cause of animal health and welfare issues.

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猪痘病毒:意大利西西里岛散养猪场爆发的异常疫情。
背景:在意大利西西里岛东北部的散养家猪场调查了两起猪痘疫情。该病通常具有自限性,死亡率较低,但如果卫生条件差、饲养方法不当和外寄生虫感染,发病率会很高。本病例是岛上首次报告的病例,也是少数家猪病例中的一部分:屠宰场的尸体和分别来自 A 猪场和 B 猪场的病死猪被送去进行尸检和进一步调查,强烈怀疑感染了猪痘病毒(SWPV)。经检验,共有 12 头死猪的体况较差,皮肤表面散布着脓疱性病变。此外,B 猪场的猪只眼部病变分为 I 至 IV 级(从轻微结膜炎到伴有角膜水肿、混浊和溃疡的严重角结膜炎)。最终诊断是通过对两个农场的皮肤病变进行显微镜评估得出的,结果显示出典型的 SWPV 病变外观,如严重的弥漫性溃疡性皮炎和在表皮多处观察到的疑似包涵体。此外,对 B 农场的皮损和眼拭子进行了阴性染色电子显微镜检查(nsEM),发现两个样本中存在砖形病毒颗粒,长 220 nm,宽 160 nm,表面有不规则排列的小管,确定为 SWPV。通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测到了编码病毒晚期转录因子-3 的 482-bp 片段的基因,测序结果显示,该基因与之前在德国分离到的一株病毒的同一性为 99.79%,查询覆盖率为 100%。随后在 B 猪场进行了现场临床评估,发现猪场过度拥挤、卫生条件差、饲养方式不当,这些都是 SWPV 传播的相关风险因素:本报告是意大利南部沿海岛屿西西里岛散养猪感染 SWPV 的首例报告,旨在提高人们对这种被忽视的疾病以及动物健康和福利问题的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Porcine Health Management
Porcine Health Management Veterinary-Food Animals
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
49
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Porcine Health Management (PHM) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that aims to publish relevant, novel and revised information regarding all aspects of swine health medicine and production.
期刊最新文献
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