Effect of Childcare Influenza Vaccine Requirement on Vaccination Rates, New York City, 2012-2020.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Public Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1177/00333549241260166

Amy E Metroka, Vikki Papadouka, Alexandra Ternier, Iris Cheng, Jane R Zucker

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Abstract

Objectives: In 2014, New York City initiated a childcare influenza vaccine requirement to increase influenza vaccination rates among children aged 6-59 months attending city-regulated childcare, including prekindergarten. We evaluated the requirement's effect on vaccination rates in childcare-aged children in New York City.

Methods: We examined influenza vaccination rates in children aged 6-59 months and by age groups of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years for 8 influenza seasons (2012-2013 through 2019-2020), representing 2 seasons before the requirement, 2 seasons during the requirement, 2 seasons after its suspension, and 2 seasons after its reinstatement. We also assessed rates in a comparison group of children aged 5-8 years. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis to compare rate differences in age groups when the requirement was and was not in effect. We considered P < .05 as significant based on the Wald χ² test.

Results: Influenza vaccination rates among children aged 6-59 months increased 3.7 percentage points (from 47.7% to 51.4%) by the requirement's second year and declined 6.7 percentage points to 44.7% after suspension. After reinstatement, rates increased 10.7 percentage points to 55.4%. Rate changes were most pronounced among 4-year-olds, increasing 12.7 percentage points (from 45.3% to 58.0%) by the requirement's second year, declining 14.1 percentage points to 43.9% after suspension, and increasing 22.2 percentage points to 66.1% after reinstatement. In the comparison group, rates increased 4.9 percentage points (from 36.5% to 41.4%) after reinstatement. Rates increased significantly among 4-year-olds before versus at the initial requirement and decreased significantly after suspension. After reinstatement, rates increased significantly among all groups except 1-year-olds.

Conclusion: The New York City influenza vaccine requirement improved influenza vaccination rates among preschool-aged children, adding to the evidence base showing that vaccine requirements raise vaccination rates.

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托儿所流感疫苗接种要求对接种率的影响，纽约市，2012-2020 年。

目标：2014 年，纽约市启动了一项托儿所流感疫苗接种要求，以提高参加市监管托儿所（包括学前班）的 6-59 个月儿童的流感疫苗接种率。我们评估了该要求对纽约市托儿所适龄儿童疫苗接种率的影响：我们对 8 个流感季节（2012-2013 年至 2019-2020 年）中 6-59 个月大的儿童以及 1、2、3 和 4 岁年龄组的流感疫苗接种率进行了调查，这 8 个流感季节分别为要求实施前的 2 个季节、要求实施期间的 2 个季节、要求暂停实施后的 2 个季节以及要求恢复实施后的 2 个季节。我们还评估了对比组 5-8 岁儿童的发病率。我们进行了差异分析，以比较要求生效和未生效时各年龄组的发病率差异。我们考虑了 P 2 检验：在规定实施的第二年，6-59 个月儿童的流感疫苗接种率提高了 3.7 个百分点（从 47.7% 提高到 51.4%），而在规定暂停实施后，接种率下降了 6.7 个百分点，降至 44.7%。恢复后，比率增加了 10.7 个百分点，达到 55.4%。4 岁儿童的比率变化最为明显，到要求实施的第二年，比率上升了 12.7 个百分点（从 45.3% 上升到 58.0%），停学后下降了 14.1 个百分点，为 43.9%，复学后上升了 22.2 个百分点，为 66.1%。在对比组中，复学后的比率增加了 4.9 个百分点（从 36.5%增至 41.4%）。4 岁儿童中，停学前与最初要求停学时的比率明显上升，停学后则明显下降。恢复接种后，除 1 岁儿童外，其他年龄组的接种率均大幅上升：结论：纽约市的流感疫苗接种要求提高了学龄前儿童的流感疫苗接种率，为疫苗接种要求提高接种率的证据基础做出了补充。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Public Health Reports 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

6.10%

发文量

164

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Public Health Reports is the official journal of the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General and the U.S. Public Health Service and has been published since 1878. It is published bimonthly, plus supplement issues, through an official agreement with the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes original research and commentaries in the areas of public health practice and methodology, original research, public health law, and public health schools and teaching. Issues contain regular commentaries by the U.S. Surgeon General and executives of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health. The journal focuses upon such topics as tobacco control, teenage violence, occupational disease and injury, immunization, drug policy, lead screening, health disparities, and many other key and emerging public health issues. In addition to the six regular issues, PHR produces supplemental issues approximately 2-5 times per year which focus on specific topics that are of particular interest to our readership. The journal''s contributors are on the front line of public health and they present their work in a readable and accessible format.