A Potential Role of fgf4, fgf24, and fgf17 in Pharyngeal Pouch Formation in Zebrafish.

Development & reproduction Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-30 DOI:10.12717/DR.2024.28.2.55
Sil Jin, Chong Pyo Choe
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In vertebrates, Fgf signaling is essential for the development of pharyngeal pouches, which controls facial skeletal development. Genetically, fgf3 and fgf8 are required for pouch formation in mice and zebrafish. However, loss-of-function phenotypes of fgf3 and fgf8 are milder than expected in mice and zebrafish, which suggests that an additional fgf gene(s) would be involved in pouch formation. Here, we analyzed the expression, regulation, and function of three fgfs, fgf4, fgf24, and fgf17, during pouch development in zebrafish. We find that they are expressed in the distinct regions of pharyngeal endoderm in pouch formation, with fgf4 and fgf17 also being expressed in the adjacent mesoderm, in addition to previously reported endodermal fgf3 and mesodermal fgf8 expression. The endodermal expression of fgf4, fgf24, and fgf17 and the mesodermal expression of fgf4 and fgf17 are positively regulated by Tbx1 but not by Fgf3, in pouch formation. Fgf8 is required to express the endodermal expression of fgf4 and fgf24. Interestingly, however, single mutant, all double mutant combinations, and triple mutant for fgf4, fgf24, and fgf17 do not show any defects in pouches and facial skeletons. Considering a high degree of genetic redundancy in the Fgf signaling components in craniofacial development in zebrafish, our result suggests that fgf4, fgf24, and fgf17 have a potential role for pouch formation, with a redundancy with other fgf gene(s).

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fgf4、fgf24 和 fgf17 在斑马鱼咽囊形成中的潜在作用
在脊椎动物中,Fgf 信号对于咽囊的发育至关重要,咽囊的发育控制着面部骨骼的发育。在基因上,小鼠和斑马鱼的咽袋形成需要 fgf3 和 fgf8。然而,在小鼠和斑马鱼中,fgf3和fgf8的功能缺失表型比预期的要轻,这表明咽袋的形成还需要一个或多个fgf基因。在这里,我们分析了斑马鱼眼袋发育过程中三个fff基因(fff4、fff24和fff17)的表达、调控和功能。我们发现,在咽袋形成过程中,它们在咽内胚层的不同区域表达,除了先前报道的内胚层 fgf3 和中胚层 fgf8 表达外,fgf4 和 fgf17 也在邻近的中胚层表达。在小袋形成过程中,内胚层 fgf4、fgf24 和 fgf17 的表达以及中胚层 fgf4 和 fgf17 的表达受 Tbx1 的正向调节,但不受 Fgf3 的调节。Fgf8 是表达 fgf4 和 fgf24 的内胚层表达所必需的。但有趣的是,fgf4、fgf24和fgf17的单突变体、所有双突变体组合和三突变体都没有显示出任何小袋和面部骨骼的缺陷。考虑到斑马鱼颅面发育过程中 Fgf 信号元件的高度遗传冗余,我们的结果表明,fff4、fff24 和 fgf17 与其他 fgf 基因有冗余,可能在小袋形成过程中发挥作用。
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