Cold Adaptation in a Psychrotolerant Micromycete Mucor flavus

IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1134/s0026261724604706
O. A. Danilova, E. A. Ianutsevich, G. A. Kochkina, N. V. Groza, V. M. Tereshina
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Abstract

To study the mechanisms of protection of the cell membranes and macromolecules from cold, the composition of osmolytes, membrane lipids, and their fatty acids in a submerged culture of Mucor flavus was analyzed in growth dynamics at 20 and 4°C. This micromycete is psychrotolerant, having a wide growth temperature range (from –2 to 25°C) with an optimum at 20°C. Mucor flavus has a high growth rate (15 mm/day at 20°C, 4 mm/day at 0°C). At both temperatures, phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylethanolamines were predominant in the composition of membrane lipids, while phosphatidylcholines were the minor components. The main difference in the composition of membrane lipids was the threefold lower share of sterols at 4°C. During growth under optimal conditions, the proportion of phosphatidic acids decreased against the background of a slight increase in the levels of sterols, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines, while at 4°C the proportion of phosphatidic acids decreased slightly and the proportion of phosphatidylcholines increased. The fatty acids composition of phospholipids during growth at 20°C did not change significantly; linoleic, oleic, linolenic, and palmitic acids were predominant. At 4°C, the proportion of palmitic acid decreased and that of oleic acid increased, while the proportion of γ-linolenic acid decreased by half while that of α-linoleic acid increased. However, these changes did not lead to a significant change in the unsaturation degree of phospholipids, which varied between 1.5 and 1.6. Trehalose and glucose were the predominant osmolytes of the cytosol; glycerol was present in minor amounts only at 4°C. At both temperatures, the amount of osmolytes reached 3% of the dry weight in the course of growth, and the proportion of trehalose reached 70%. At both temperatures, a constant composition of osmolytes and slight changes in the composition of membrane lipids and their degree of unsaturation were observed, which probably contributes to the high growth rate of the fungus over a wide temperature range.

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心理耐寒小霉菌黄曲霉的冷适应性
摘要 为了研究细胞膜和大分子的抗寒保护机制,我们分析了黄曲霉浸没培养物在 20 和 4°C 生长动态中的渗透溶质、膜脂及其脂肪酸的组成。这种微霉菌具有心理耐受性,生长温度范围很广(从 -2 到 25°C),最适温度为 20°C。黄曲霉的生长速度较快(20°C 时为 15 毫米/天,0°C 时为 4 毫米/天)。在这两种温度下,磷脂酸和磷脂酰乙醇胺在膜脂的组成中占主导地位,而磷脂酰胆碱是次要成分。膜脂组成的主要差别是固醇的比例在 4°C 时低了三倍。在最佳条件下生长期间,磷脂酸的比例下降,而固醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰胆碱的水平略有上升;而在 4°C 时,磷脂酸的比例略有下降,磷脂酰胆碱的比例上升。在 20°C 生长过程中,磷脂的脂肪酸组成变化不大,主要是亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸。在 4°C 时,棕榈酸的比例下降,油酸的比例上升,而γ-亚麻酸的比例下降了一半,α-亚油酸的比例上升。不过,这些变化并没有导致磷脂不饱和度的显著变化,磷脂不饱和度在 1.5 和 1.6 之间。三卤糖和葡萄糖是细胞质中最主要的渗透溶质;甘油仅在 4°C 时少量存在。在这两种温度下,细胞溶质的数量在生长过程中都达到了干重的 3%,其中的三卤糖比例达到了 70%。在这两种温度下,渗透溶质的成分保持不变,膜脂的成分及其不饱和程度略有变化,这可能是该真菌在宽温度范围内生长速度快的原因。
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来源期刊
Microbiology
Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
13.30%
发文量
60
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Microbiology is an is an international peer reviewed journal that covers a wide range of problems in the areas of fundamental and applied microbiology. The journal publishes experimental and theoretical papers, reviews on modern trends in different fields of microbiological science, and short communications with descriptions of unusual observations. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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