Design and theoretical study of rectangular photonic crystal fiber based sensor for chemical sensing in terahertz regime

IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Indian Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1007/s12648-024-03343-9
Deepak Garg, Jyotsna Singh, Ajeet Kumar
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Abstract

This paper presents the design and theoretical analysis of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based chemical sensor model. To evaluate the efficiency of this model, various optical parameters are analysed using finite element method based COMSOL Multiphysics Software. Different analytes namely methanol (1.317), water (1.330), ethanol (1.354) and benzene (1.366) have been considered for the sensing purpose in this study. The core region is infiltrated with different analytes separately. The model is simulated in THz regime (0.5–1.5 THz) to evaluate optical properties. The proposed structure design exhibits a high relative sensitivity of 96.85%, 97.32%, 97.99% and 98.33% for methanol, water, ethanol, and benzene, respectively at an operating frequency of 1.3 THz. The proposed model demonstrates exceptionally low confinement loss values which are 2.22 × 10–12 dB/m for methanol, 1.16 × 10–11 dB/m for water, 1.34 × 10–11 dB/m for ethanol and is 1.30 × 10–12 dB/m for benzene. Additionally, the effective material loss for the designed PCF also comes out to be very low for all the analytes, 0.0044 cm−1 for methanol, 0.0040 cm−1 water, 0.0034 cm−1 for ethanol and 0.0032 cm−1, for benzene. Furthermore, the PCF shows large effective mode area and numerical aperture (NA) within the mentioned range, at 1.3 THz. The NA values obtained at 1.3 THz are 0.32 for methanol, 0.40 for water, 0.32 for ethanol, and 0.32 for benzene. The obtained Effective mode Area (EMA) values are 1.46 × 105 μm2 for methanol, 1.45 × 105 μm2 for water, 1.44 × 105 μm2 for ethanol and 1.43 × 105 μm2, for benzene. Subsequently, the optimal profile provides birefringence values of 0.0009 for methanol, 0.0010 for water, and 0.0011 for both ethanol and benzene. The practical implementation of the proposed PCF structure is possible using subsisting modern fabrication techniques. Consequently, the proposed PCF design should be helpful in industrial areas for chemical research, food and biomedical sensing.

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基于矩形光子晶体光纤的太赫兹化学传感传感器的设计与理论研究
本文介绍了基于光子晶体光纤(PCF)的化学传感器模型的设计和理论分析。为了评估该模型的效率,使用基于有限元法的 COMSOL Multiphysics 软件对各种光学参数进行了分析。本研究考虑了不同的分析物,即甲醇(1.317)、水(1.330)、乙醇(1.354)和苯(1.366)。核心区域分别渗入不同的分析物。在太赫兹(0.5-1.5 太赫兹)范围内对模型进行了模拟,以评估其光学特性。在工作频率为 1.3 THz 时,所提出的结构设计对甲醇、水、乙醇和苯的相对灵敏度分别为 96.85%、97.32%、97.99% 和 98.33%。所提出的模型具有极低的约束损耗值,甲醇为 2.22 × 10-12 dB/m,水为 1.16 × 10-11 dB/m,乙醇为 1.34 × 10-11 dB/m,苯为 1.30 × 10-12 dB/m。此外,设计的 PCF 对所有分析物的有效材料损耗也非常低,甲醇为 0.0044 cm-1,水为 0.0040 cm-1,乙醇为 0.0034 cm-1,苯为 0.0032 cm-1。此外,在上述范围内,PCF 在 1.3 THz 时显示出较大的有效模式面积和数值孔径(NA)。在 1.3 THz 时,甲醇的 NA 值为 0.32,水为 0.40,乙醇为 0.32,苯为 0.32。甲醇的有效模式面积 (EMA) 值为 1.46 × 105 μm2,水为 1.45 × 105 μm2,乙醇为 1.44 × 105 μm2,苯为 1.43 × 105 μm2。随后,最佳剖面的双折射值分别为:甲醇 0.0009,水 0.0010,乙醇和苯 0.0011。利用现有的现代制造技术,可以实际实现所提出的 PCF 结构。因此,建议的 PCF 设计应有助于化学研究、食品和生物医学传感等工业领域。
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来源期刊
Indian Journal of Physics
Indian Journal of Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
10.00%
发文量
275
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Indian Journal of Physics is a monthly research journal in English published by the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences in collaboration with the Indian Physical Society. The journal publishes refereed papers covering current research in Physics in the following category: Astrophysics, Atmospheric and Space physics; Atomic & Molecular Physics; Biophysics; Condensed Matter & Materials Physics; General & Interdisciplinary Physics; Nonlinear dynamics & Complex Systems; Nuclear Physics; Optics and Spectroscopy; Particle Physics; Plasma Physics; Relativity & Cosmology; Statistical Physics.
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