An irreversible process and radial stagnation-point motion of tetra-hybrid nanoparticles on twisting cylinder via finite element analysis

Abstract

Many industrial processes contain the utilization of nanoparticles to improve the thermal performance of the physical systems. This research discusses the utilization of nanoparticles and thermal transport phenomenon in a stretched cylinder. The contribution of convective boundary constraints and thermal radiation is taken in heat transfer-modeled equations with an external heating source. The flow-modeled equations have been derived in Cartesian coordinates in the rotating frame. The set of nonlinear-coupled PDEs (partial differential equations) are obtained for the considered model in the simplified form by engaging boundary layer theory. Afterward, a set of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) was obtained by utilization of similarity transformation. The modeled equations are dealt with numerically via the finite element approach. The solution is displayed graphically against different emerging parameters. It is recorded that the production of the entropy mechanism generated by tetra-hybrid nanofluid is higher than the production of the entropy mechanism generated by ternary hybrid nanofluid.