{"title":"An extended multi-segmented human bioheat model for high-altitude cold environments and its application in cold risk analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109285","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to high-altitude and cold environments can easily induce cold injuries. Notably, outdoor workers exhibit a greater cold exposure risk. Herein, an extended multi-segmented human bioheat model was developed considering the characteristics of physiological responses in high-altitude environments. The model accounts for the effects of atmospheric pressure changes on metabolism, and the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients were adjusted. The model predictions suitably agreed with the experimental data at altitudes of 2560 m (74.11 kPa) and 4290 m (59.35 kPa) and an ambient temperature of −10 °C. The maximum mean square errors (MSEs) of the predicted mean skin temperatures of the hands, face, forehead, thighs, and feet were 1.02 °C, 0.52 °C, 0.41 °C, 0.35 °C and 0.47 °C, respectively. The improved model, combined with wind chill temperature (WCT) and frostbite standards, was applied to analyze the cold exposure risk of outdoor workers in different regions of China. Over the past decade, the average WCT in January ranged from −43.98 °C to 21.04 °C, with an average of −14.06 °C. Cold exposure risk analysis for outdoor workers in Heilongjiang Province in January 2023 revealed that after 30 min, the predicted skin temperature of the hands across different regions ranged from 5 °C to 10 °C, with finger temperatures mostly below 5 °C. Heigang city exhibited the highest risk, with predicted skin temperatures below −0.25 °C, indicating frostbite risk. The integration of the proposed model with cold risk analysis contributes to precise evaluation of the cold exposure risks of outdoor workers in severely cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1290072924004071","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Exposure to high-altitude and cold environments can easily induce cold injuries. Notably, outdoor workers exhibit a greater cold exposure risk. Herein, an extended multi-segmented human bioheat model was developed considering the characteristics of physiological responses in high-altitude environments. The model accounts for the effects of atmospheric pressure changes on metabolism, and the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients were adjusted. The model predictions suitably agreed with the experimental data at altitudes of 2560 m (74.11 kPa) and 4290 m (59.35 kPa) and an ambient temperature of −10 °C. The maximum mean square errors (MSEs) of the predicted mean skin temperatures of the hands, face, forehead, thighs, and feet were 1.02 °C, 0.52 °C, 0.41 °C, 0.35 °C and 0.47 °C, respectively. The improved model, combined with wind chill temperature (WCT) and frostbite standards, was applied to analyze the cold exposure risk of outdoor workers in different regions of China. Over the past decade, the average WCT in January ranged from −43.98 °C to 21.04 °C, with an average of −14.06 °C. Cold exposure risk analysis for outdoor workers in Heilongjiang Province in January 2023 revealed that after 30 min, the predicted skin temperature of the hands across different regions ranged from 5 °C to 10 °C, with finger temperatures mostly below 5 °C. Heigang city exhibited the highest risk, with predicted skin temperatures below −0.25 °C, indicating frostbite risk. The integration of the proposed model with cold risk analysis contributes to precise evaluation of the cold exposure risks of outdoor workers in severely cold regions.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review.
The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are:
* Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow
* Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media
* Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change
* Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer
* Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...)
* Multiscale modelling
The applied research topics include:
* Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes
* Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries)
* Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices
* Heat transport analysis in advanced systems
* Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems
The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.