Effective thermal properties under the influence of various shapes of the nanoparticles on the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over an infinite vertical plate

Abstract

The influence of various thermal properties of nanoparticles in several applications in industries, engineering, biomedical, etc. has gained the interest of researchers drastically. The current investigation aims in presenting the performance of various thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, conductivity, specific heat, etc. under the influence of various shapes of the nanoparticles on the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over an infinite vertical plate embedding within a permeable medium. The conducting fluid under an applied magnetic field with thermal radiation enriches the flow properties. Suitable similarity rules combined with similarity variables and stream function are adopted to transform the governing phenomena into a non-dimensional form. Further, analytical approaches, such as Laplace transformation technique is embraced for solving this unsteady system of equations. The graphs and tables present the physical behaviour of the contributing factors with a correlative result. The physical behaviour of these factors is described briefly and important outcomes are also depicted as a conclusive remark. It is observed that the enhanced magnetisation and heavier density of the ternary hybrid nanofluid decelerate the velocity distribution significantly whereas the cooling of the surface due to thermal Grashof number augments the fluid velocity. Further, the higher conductivity of the ternary nanofluid along with increasing thermal radiation increases the fluid temperature.