Occurrence and Environmental Risk Assessment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Brazilian Surface Waters

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI:10.1002/etc.5953

Thiessa M. A. Oliveira, Adrislaine S. Mansano, Carlos A. Holanda, Tiago S. Pinto, Jonas B. Reis, Eduardo B. Azevedo, Raphael T. Verbinnen, José Lucas Viana, Teresa C. R. S. Franco, Eny M. Vieira

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Abstract

We investigated the occurrence and the environmental risk of eight contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; acetaminophen, naproxen, diclofenac, methylparaben, 17β-estradiol, sulfathiazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfamethazine) in three Brazilian water bodies, namely, the Monjolinho River Basin (São Paulo State), the Mogi Guaçu River (São Paulo State), and the Itapecuru River (Maranhão State) in three sampling campaigns. The CECs were only quantified in surface water samples collected at the Monjolinho River Basin. Acetaminophen, naproxen, and methylparaben were detected in the range of <200 to 575.9 ng L⁻¹, <200 to 224.7 ng L⁻¹, and <200 to 303.6 ng L⁻¹, respectively. The detection frequencies of the three measured compounds were between 33% and 67%. The highest concentrations of CECs were associated with intense urbanization and untreated sewage discharge. Furthermore, CEC concentrations were significantly correlated with total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen levels, suggesting that domestic pollution from urban areas is an important source in the distribution of CECs in the Monjolinho River Basin. The environmental risk assessment indicated a high risk for acetaminophen (risk quotient [RQ] values between 2.1 and 5.8), a medium risk for naproxen (RQs between 0.6 and 0.7), and a low risk for methylparaben (RQs < 0.1) to the freshwater biota of the Monjolinho River Basin. Our findings show potential threats of CECs in Brazilian water bodies, especially in vulnerable areas, and reinforce the need for improvements in environmental regulations to include monitoring and control of these compounds in aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2199–2210. © 2024 SETAC

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巴西地表水中新关注污染物的出现和环境风险评估。

我们调查了八种新关注污染物（CECs）的发生率和环境风险；对乙酰氨基酚、萘普生、双氯芬酸、苯甲酸甲酯、17β-雌二醇、磺胺噻唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺甲噁嗪）在巴西三个水体中的存在情况和环境风险进行了调查，这三个水体分别是蒙约利霍河流域（圣保罗州）、莫吉瓜库河（圣保罗州）和伊塔佩库鲁河（马拉尼昂州）。仅在蒙约林霍河流域采集的地表水样本中对 CECs 进行了定量。对乙酰氨基酚、萘普生和苯甲酸甲酯的检测范围分别为-1、-1 和-1。这三种化合物的检测频率介于 33% 和 67% 之间。CEC 的最高浓度与密集的城市化和未经处理的污水排放有关。此外，CEC 的浓度与总有机碳、电导率和溶解氧水平有明显的相关性，这表明城市地区的生活污染是蒙霍林霍河流域 CEC 分布的一个重要来源。环境风险评估结果表明，对乙酰氨基酚的风险较高（风险商[RQ]值介于 2.1 和 5.8 之间），萘普生的风险中等（风险商值介于 0.6 和 0.7 之间），而苯甲酸甲酯的风险较低（风险商值介于 0.6 和 0.7 之间）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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