Sustainability and water quality management in Chaltia Beel: Addressing ecological and public health challenges

Abstract

This study evaluates the water quality of Chaltia Beel, a significant wetland in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Chaltia Beel serves as a crucial habitat for a variety of aquatic species and supports local communities through its use in agriculture and fisheries. The primary objective of this research is to assess the microbiological and chemical characteristics of the beel's water to determine its suitability for ecological and human use. Water samples were collected from three different sites within the beel during the post-monsoon season of 2023. The parameters analyzed include pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), ammoniacal nitrogen, total alkalinity, and total coliform bacteria. Standard methods prescribed by the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the Indian Standards Institution (ISI) were employed for the analyses. The results indicate that the pH values (7.74 to 7.77) are within the neutral range, which is favorable for most aquatic life. The temperature of the water (28.1°C to 28.2°C) is stable and conducive to the ecosystem. TDS levels (398 mg/l to 406 mg/l) are within acceptable limits, though continuous monitoring is recommended to detect any potential increases. Turbidity levels (1.1 NTU to 1.4 NTU) are low, indicating good water clarity. DO levels (6.3 mg/l to 6.6 mg/l) are adequate to support aerobic aquatic organisms. Nitrate levels were consistently below 0.5 mg/l, suggesting minimal agricultural runoff impact. However, phosphate levels (1.38 mg/l to 1.41 mg/l) are relatively high, indicating a risk of eutrophication. Ammoniacal nitrogen levels (0.56 mg/l to 0.61 mg/l) are within acceptable limits but need monitoring to prevent potential toxicity. Total alkalinity (277.4 mg/l to 285 mg/l) provides a good buffering capacity, maintaining pH stability. Microbiological analysis revealed significant contamination with total coliform bacteria ranging from 190 to 204 CFU/100ml, which highlights potential health risks if the water is used for drinking or recreational purposes. The study concludes that while some water quality parameters of Chaltia Beel are within acceptable limits, others require attention to prevent environmental and health issues. Regular monitoring, pollution control, public awareness, habitat restoration, and sustainable practices are recommended to improve and maintain the water quality of Chaltia Beel. These efforts are essential for preserving the ecological health of the wetland and ensuring its continued benefit to the local communities.