Survey of Schistosoma haematobium and Environmental Factors in Donga Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria

Agbo O. J, Silas Tatah, Dawuda B. M
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Abstract

Schistosoma haematobium infection is known to be endemic especially among residents along Rivers, This study was conducted to establish the preval_ence of urinary schistosomiasis in relation to some epidemiological factors among elementary pupils in Donga Local Government Area. Urine filtration technique using polycarbonate membrane filters was employed to check the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine and questionnaires were administered. Overall preval_ence of 8.94% (21) was recorded out of the 235 urine examined. Chi square analysis showed insignificant association of the infection with the various schools (χ²= 6.192, P = 0.185). Similarly, ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the mean egg intensity (27.29 eggs/10ml of urine) among the schools (p = 0.293). Males were more infected 13.33%(16) than females 4.50%(5) with a significant difference (P=0.020). However, there was no statistical significant difference in their mean egg intensities (30.3 eggs/10ml of urine in male and 17.6 eggs/10ml of urine in female) (p = 0.27). The age-related preval_ence was higher 11.82% (13) in 10-15 years children while children aged 16-20 had the least preval_ence 0.01% (1). Chi square showed statistical significant association between infection and age (χ²=12.964, P=0.002). But there was a statistical insignificant difference between their mean egg intensities; 10-15, 4-9 and 16-20 (31.08, 23.4, 5 eggs/10ml of urine respectively) with p=0.462. Children who fish had the highest preval_ence 16.67%  and children that do not partake in any of these activities had no case of infection 0%(64). Chi square revealed a statistical significant association between participant's water contact activities and infection (χ² =11.21; p = 0.024).  However, ANOVA showed statistical insignificant difference in the mean egg intensity among these activities (p = 0.486). This findings indicates that urinary schistosomiasis has low endemicity in this area which could be due to the fact that It was concluded that the overall low preval_ence could be attributed to improved environmental hygiene among others.
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尼日利亚塔拉巴州东加地方政府地区血吸虫及环境因素调查
众所周知,血吸虫感染是一种地方病,尤其是在河流沿岸的居民中。本研究旨在确定东加地方政府地区小学生尿液中血吸虫病的流行率与一些流行病学因素的关系。采用聚碳酸酯膜过滤器进行尿液过滤,以检查尿液中是否存在血吸虫虫卵,并进行了问卷调查。在检查的 235 份尿液中,总体患病率为 8.94%(21 人)。卡方分析表明,感染与不同学校的关系并不明显(χ²= 6.192,P = 0.185)。同样,方差分析显示,不同学校的平均虫卵密度(27.29 个虫卵/10 毫升尿液)无显著差异(P = 0.293)。男性的感染率为 13.33%(16 人),高于女性的 4.50%(5 人),差异显著(P=0.020)。不过,他们的平均虫卵密度(男性为 30.3 个虫卵/10 毫升尿液,女性为 17.6 个虫卵/10 毫升尿液)在统计学上没有明显差异(P = 0.27)。与年龄相关的感染率在 10-15 岁儿童中较高,为 11.82%(13 人),而 16-20 岁儿童的感染率最低,为 0.01%(1 人)。卡氏方差(Chi Square)显示,感染与年龄之间存在明显的统计学关联(χ²=12.964,P=0.002)。但 10-15 岁、4-9 岁和 16-20 岁儿童的平均虫卵密度(分别为 31.08、23.4 和 5 个虫卵/10 毫升尿液)之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.462)。钓鱼的儿童感染率最高,为 16.67%,而不参与任何这些活动的儿童无一例感染,为 0%(64)。卡方检验(Chi Square)显示,参与者的水接触活动与感染之间存在明显的统计学关联(χ² =11.21; p = 0.024)。 然而,方差分析显示,这些活动的平均虫卵强度差异不显著(p = 0.486)。这一结果表明,尿路血吸虫病在该地区的流行率较低,这可能是由于该地区的环境卫生得到了改善。
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