Pharmacological and Phytochemical Activity of Luffa cylindrica - A Review

Abstract

Luffa cylindrica, commonly referred to as sponge gourd or Loofa, is a versatile plant species with a rich pharmacological profile and diverse chemical constituents. This review delves into its extensive therapeutic potential, encompassing a wide range of actions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, uterotonic, anti-emetic, sedative, and anti-epileptic properties. Its bioactive compounds, including triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and peptides, are distributed across different parts of the plant, including the fruits, leaves, and seeds. Originating in sub-tropical regions, L. cylindrica is primarily cultivated in countries such as China, India, and Central America. Its significant traditional uses in folk medicine for treating various ailments further underscore its medicinal importance and potential for modern therapeutic applications. The plant's pharmacological richness, coupled with its wide distribution and traditional medicinal uses, positions Luffa cylindrica as a promising candidate for further exploration in drug discovery and healthcare product development. With ongoing research into its bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action, there is potential for the identification of novel therapeutic agents. Additionally, advancements in cultivation techniques and processing methods may facilitate the development of innovative pharmaceutical formulations and natural remedies. Overall, L. cylindrica represents a valuable botanical resource with vast therapeutic potential and implications for both traditional and modern medicine. Keywords: Luffa cylindrica, Pharmacological action, Phytochemical constituents, Distribution.